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frankfurt-hno.de
BACKGROUND: In allergic rhinitis, nasal obstruction is a typical symptom. Reduced nasal ventilation is thought to be one causal factor for sleep breathing disorders. Whether or not snoring individuals with or without sleep apnea show more frequent or stronger reactions in skin prick tests (SPT) compared to non-snorers has not been investigated yet. METHOD: SPT on 20 most frequent allergens and standardized questionnaires of 412 patients of either sex who received a polysomnography at the sleeplab of the ENT department, University of Wurzburg, Germany, were analysed retrospectively. In 351 patients (85 %), data were complete. According to their polysomnography, patients were grouped into snorers (n = 248, 71 %) and non-snorers (n = 103, 29 %) or apnea (apnea-hypopnea-index > 10; n = 171, 49 %) and non-apnea patients (n = 180, 51 %). Average occurrence or strength of skin reactions was compared between these groups. RESULTS: Except plantain (7 % vs. 1 %) and beech (10 % vs. 3 %), there were no statistical increases in the average occurrence or strength of SPT results in snoring individuals. Apnea patients did not show more frequent or stronger allergic skin reactions than non-apnea patients. Three patients suffering from allergic rhinitis by house dust mites were treated with citerizin 10 mg and allergen exposition prophylaxis. Three months after onset of therapy in all three patients, a reduction of snoring was polysomnographically observed. Snorers or apnea patients complaining sneezing, reduced nasal ventilation at night, hyperlacrimation or rhinorrhea showed significant higher numbers of allergic skin reactions for rye, gras and house dust mites compared to patients without these symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that only snorers or apnea patients with specific symptoms for allergic rhinitis should be tested by SPT. A general SPT-screening seems not to be indicated. Snoring and apneas in patients with allergic rhinitis due to house dust mites can be eliminated or reduced by an oral antihistaminic treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11967776&dopt=Abstract
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cc.umanitoba.ca
Intracellular histamine (HA) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) each have been proposed as mediators of cell function, growth, and proliferation. The P450 family of heme enzymes is found in virtually all cells and generates, transforms, or inactivates steroids and other lipids that participate in cell regulation. We previously demonstrated a second messenger role for HA in blood platelets and the formation of a HA-P450 heme complex when exogenous HA was added to microsomes isolated from rat liver cells or to purified human P450 isozymes. Employing a radioimmunoassay, we now demonstrate that rat liver slices, microsomes derived from the livers of adult male rats and mast cell-deficient mice, and hepatoma cells, all contain endogenous HA. HA release from microsomes into the incubation medium, as determined by radioimmunoassay, is enhanced in the presence of carbon monoxide, steroids, and certain drugs, all agents that unite either directly with the iron atom or bind elsewhere within the heme cavity. Rat liver slices preincubated with (3)H-HA release labeled amine into the medium in the presence of those same ligands. These findings provide evidence of an in situ HA-P450 complex and offer further support that the imidazole, HA, is a physiological, intracellular modulator of cytochromes P450 in liver cells, and perhaps of these and other heme proteins in tissues in general. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11968021&dopt=Abstract
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Ter Arkh. 2002;74(3):67-72.
[Comparative antihistamine and anti-allergic effects of various antihistamine preparations]
[Article in Russian]
Fridliand DG, Gushchin IS, Poroshina IuA, Shul'zhenko AE.
AIM: To compare antihistaminic and antiallergic activity of antihistaminic drugs of the latest generation (ebastin, cetirisine, fexofenadine, loratadine) and antihistaminic drugs of the first generation (clemastin) in the same patients with pollenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Skin prick-titration with 10-dilution histamine and specific allergen, provocative nasal titration with 2-dilution histamine and allergen before and after a single intake of H1-antagonists were made in 30 patients in stable clinical remission of pollenosis during maximal antihistamine activity of the above drugs. RESULTS: Systemic administration of the known H1-antagonists suppresses histamine sensitivity of both skin and nasal mucosa in the same degree. Drugs with more potent antihistaminic activity (fexofenadin and cetirisin) inhibited allergen-induced reactions more effectively. The order of the tested drugs by suppression of allergen-provoked skin and nasal reactions (by lowering antiallergic activity) is the following: fexofenadin and cetirisin > ebastin and loratadin > clemastin. CONCLUSION: The above drugs of the latest generation seem to posses antiallergic activity not only due to antihistaminic effect but also due to other mechanisms. Different suppressive action of H1-antagonists reflects also individual sensitivity to different drugs. The factor of individual sensitivity of the patients to a pharmacological action of the drug may be crucial in the selection of the most effective medicine for each patient. This is confirmed by the data of individual sensitivity of the patient to antihistaminic and antiallergic action of H1-antagonists. The illustrated method may be helpful for individual selection of H1-antagonists for treatment of patients with allergic diseases.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11980129&dopt=Abstract
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