Drugs online research references
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The development and evaluation of HPLC method for quantifying cetirizine in human serum is described. The method involves liquid phase extraction of cetirizine in methylene chloride, adding diazepam as an internal standard, followed by separation on a reversed phase C18 Novapak column (150 x 3.9 nm; 4 microm), and employing a UV-detection set at 230 nm at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consists of a 13 mM phosphoric acid solution and acetonitrile (61:39 v/v) adjusted to pH 2.8 with 5 M NaOH. The assay is linear from 10 to 500 ng ml(-1) with a detection limit of 5 ng ml(-1) and a mean recovery of 96.5%. The applicability of this method in pharmacokinetic studies is evaluated.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10815716&dopt=Abstract
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Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol. 1998 Mar-Apr;11(2):104-10.
Effects of cetirizine dihydrochloride on human lymphocytes in vitro: evaluation of chromosome aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges.
Vlastos D, Stephanou G, Demopoulos NA.
Department of Biology, University of Patras, Greece.
The ability of cetirizine dihydrochloride, an antihistaminic agent, to induce chromosome aberrations as well as sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was evaluated in human lymphocyte cultures treated in vitro. The following concentrations were tested: 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 micrograms/ml. The results of our study revealed that cetirizine dihydrochloride is capable of inducing chromosome aberrations, at least at the higher concentrations studied, 100 and 200 micrograms/ml. The majority of aberrations was of chromatid type. Cetirizine is also a weak inducer of SCEs. Further studies are now warranted in order to define the in vivo cytogenetic activity of cetirizine in humans.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9603661&dopt=Abstract
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HNO. 1998 May;46(5):529-33.
[Acoustic rhinometry for evaluating the effectiveness of antihistaminics]
[Article in German]
Enzmann H, Mathe F.
Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Universitatsklinikum Charite, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin.
Acoustic rhinometry is a unique non-invasive technique for imaging and measuring the free cross-sectional area of the main nasal cavity. By so doing, reactions of the mucosa can be assessed at any selected site in the nose. The goal of this study was to define the optimal conditions for the utilization of acoustic rhinometry to determine the ability of an antihistamine to alter the effects of histamine in the mucous membrane of the nose. In a group of 30 healthy volunteers subjectively normal nasal breathing, and no history of allergy, rhinometry was performed to measure the cross-sectional area in the region of the head of the inferior nasal concha at 0.5, 10 and 15 min after histamine provocation. The volunteers subsequently received cetirizine as antihistamine. Four hours later, rhinometry was repeated after administration of histamine via the contralateral nostril. Findings showed that conchal dilatation measured 10 min after provocation was statistically less severe in 63.3% of the patients treated with cetirizine. Compared to pretreatment values, the ventilated cross-sectional area became 45.6% larger after administration antihistamine. These findings demonstrated that the nasal swelling measured 10 min after antihistamine administration was due to the effects of histamine and was not due to tactile or physical stimuli. The present studies showed that the new measurement technique is precise and reproducible. These results have also demonstrated that a acoustic rhinometry permits an objective assessment of drug efficacy while making it possible to avoid the errors observed in other variable regions of the nose, such as the nasal isthmus or nasopharynx as well as errors associated with subjective scoring systems.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9647926&dopt=Abstract
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