Drugs online research references
Br J Dermatol. 1991 Oct;125(4):364-7.
The effects of astemizole, cetirizine and loratadine on the time course of weal and flare reactions to histamine, codeine and antigen.
Humphreys F, Hunter JA.
University Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, U.K.
An open cross-over study was performed to assess the effects of astemizole, cetirizine and loratadine on weal and flare reactions to intradermal histamine, codeine and house dust mite antigen. Percentage inhibition of weal area, flare area and weal volume was greatest for cetirizine, then astemizole and smallest for loratadine. Wealing due to mast-cell degranulation with either codeine or antigen was less inhibited by all three antihistamines than that due to histamine itself. Time-course studies revealed similarities between wealing provoked by codeine and histamine but different characteristics to that induced by antigen.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1683252&dopt=Abstract
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Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1991;94(1-4):299-300.
Platelet-activating factor-induced immediate and late cutaneous reactions.
Rihoux JP, Fadel R, Juhlin L.
UCB SA, Belgium.
In atopic subjects, intradermal injection of platelet-activating factor (PAF), 40 and 400 ng, resulted in an immediate edema reaction markedly blocked by cetirizine, 10 mg twice a day. PAF challenge also induced a significant eosinophil accumulation evidenced by a skin window technique at 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. This inflammatory phenomenon was significantly inhibited by cetirizine. In patients with chronic urticaria, PAF, 100 micrograms intradermally, induced immediate and late cutaneous reactions (LCR) also blocked by cetirizine, 10 mg twice a day. These LCR were accompanied by an infiltration of the deep dermis by degranulated eosinophils. The pathophysiological mechanism of the PAF-induced skin reactions is discussed as well as the mechanism of action of cetirizine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1834582&dopt=Abstract
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Prescrire Int. 1999 Feb;8(39):11-3.
Fexofenadine: new preparation. Terfenadine, without cardiotoxicity.
[No authors listed]
(1) Fexofenadine, a non anticholinergic non sedative antihistamine, is available in France for oral treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. (2) Fexofenadine is actually an active metabolite of terfenadine, a drug taken off the market because of its cardiotoxicity. (3) In seasonal allergic rhinitis a comparative trial showed that the effect of fexofenadine (120 mg/day in a single intake) was moderate and not different from that of cetirizine. (4) In chronic urticaria a dose-finding study showed that the optimal oral dose of fexofenadine was 180 mg/day. The lack of comparative trials means that the efficacy of fexofenadine in relation to other antihistamines is not known. (5) Fexofenadine seems to be well tolerated. Animal studies and limited clinical experience have failed to detect any cardiotoxicity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10557567&dopt=Abstract
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