Elevated substance P levels in nasal lavage fluids from patients with chronic nonproductive cough and increased cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin. Epileptogenic activity induced by histamine H(1) antagonists in amygdala-kindled rats. An analysis of the association between preoperative renal dysfunction and outcome in cardiac surgery: estimated creatinine clearance or plasma creatinine level as measures of renal function. Rx drugs

Drugs online research references

J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003 Oct;112(4):695-701.
Elevated substance P levels in nasal lavage fluids from patients with chronic nonproductive cough and increased cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin.

Cho YS, Park SY, Lee CK, Yoo B, Moon HB.

Division of Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

BACKGROUND: The exact mechanism of a chronic nonproductive cough is sometimes unclear when patients who are without symptoms or signs indicating the major causes of chronic cough remain undiagnosed. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that some neurochemical alterations in the sensory nerves in the cough reflex may occur in the upper airway of chronic nonproductive cough patients. METHODS: We took nasal lavage fluid (NLF) specimens from 38 patients with a chronic nonproductive cough as the sole presenting symptom. All 38 had normal chest radiography, spirometry, and bronchial responsiveness. We likewise took NLF specimens from 14 healthy control subjects. We used a capsaicin cough provocation test to determine cough sensitivity and considered the value of C5 (the lowest capsaicin concentration inducing 5 consecutive coughs) as an index of cough sensitivity. We measured levels of substance P of NLF specimens by using ELISA. In addition, we evaluated the clinical response of each patient after subsequent therapeutic trials with an antihistamine and decongestant for 2 weeks. RESULTS: By using capsaicin cough sensitivity as the basis for grouping the study subjects, we divided the patients into 2 groups: an increased cough sensitivity group (ICS, C5 <32 mumol/L) and a normal cough sensitivity (NCS) group. Patients with ICS showed an elevated SP concentration in NLF (median value, 408 pg/mL) compared with that of the NCS group (237 pg/mL) and the control subjects (138 pg/mL) (P <.01). The median value of the percentage of remnant cough after therapeutic trial compared with the cough status before treatment was significantly higher in the ICS subgroup (70%) than that of NCS (25%) (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated substance P contents in NLF specimens were associated with ICS in patients with chronic nonproductive cough, suggesting a neurochemical abnormality in the upper airway.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14564346&dopt=Abstract

word match zyrtec online literature

Brain Res. 2003 Nov 21;991(1-2):258-61.
Epileptogenic activity induced by histamine H(1) antagonists in amygdala-kindled rats.

Fujii Y, Tanaka T, Harada C, Hirai T, Kamei C.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.

The epileptogenic activities induced by histamine H(1) antagonists in amygdala-kindled rats were studied in comparison with activities in nonkindled rats (sham rats). Intraperitoneal injection of pyrilamine, diphenhydramine and ketotifen resulted in behavioral and electroencephalogram (EEG)-detected seizures in amygdala-kindled rats at doses which caused no or negligible seizures in sham rats. On the other hand, loratadine and cetirizine caused no behavioral or EEG seizures in either amygdala-kindled or sham rats even at a dose of 40 mg/kg. In conclusion, first-generation H(1) antagonists likely elicit epileptogenic activity in amygdala-kindled rats more potent than that in sham rats.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14575901&dopt=Abstract

word match zyrtec online literature

Chest. 2003 Nov;124(5):1852-62.
An analysis of the association between preoperative renal dysfunction and outcome in cardiac surgery: estimated creatinine clearance or plasma creatinine level as measures of renal function.

Wang F, Dupuis JY, Nathan H, Williams K.

Department of Anesthesia, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Preoperative renal dysfunction is a risk factor for adverse events in cardiac surgery. This study compared creatinine clearance (ClCr), estimated from the Cockroft and Gault formula, and plasma creatinine level as predictors of outcome after cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Prospective, observational. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 6,364 cardiac surgical patients. METHODS: The measured outcomes were postoperative renal failure requiring dialysis, and mortality and major morbidity. For each outcome, two multivariable risk models were developed, using either estimated ClCr as a measure of renal function, or plasma creatinine level. Risk-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome. Discrimination was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: For each 10 mL/min/1.73 m(2) decrement of estimated ClCr, the ORs for renal failure requiring dialysis, mortality, and major morbidity in the whole population were 1.52 (95% CI, 1.35 to 1.67), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.35), and 1.18 (95% CI, 1.14 to 1.21), respectively; for each 0.2 mg/dL increment of plasma creatinine, ORs were 1.20 (95% CI, 1.15 to 1.26), 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.13), and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.15), respectively. The areas under the ROC curves for prediction of renal failure requiring dialysis were 0.83 with both risk models. For prediction of mortality and major morbidity, areas under the ROC curves were 0.83 and 0.72, respectively, with the models using estimated ClCr, and 0.74 and 0.65, respectively, with the models using plasma creatinine level (p < 0.001 vs estimated ClCr for both outcomes). In patients with normal plasma creatinine levels (n = 4,603), estimated ClCr remained a significant predictor of each outcome with similar ORs, but plasma creatinine level was not a predictor of any outcome. CONCLUSION: The risk-adjusted association between preoperative renal dysfunction and adverse events after cardiac surgery is stronger with estimated ClCr than with plasma creatinine level, particularly in patients with normal plasma creatinine levels. The routine preoperative estimation of ClCr may improve the identification of higher-risk cardiac surgical patients.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14605060&dopt=Abstract

word match zyrtec online literature

Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online || Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth || Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||