Drugs online research references
stat.ucl.ac.be
We consider the outcomes of a clinical trial as determined by one, or several, possibly hidden causes. This paper proposes a statistical model that allows such a distinction of causes not only for the main, or therapeutic, effects but also for the side, or toxic, effects. More specifically, we focus on trials where the effects are naturally dichotomized, that is, where the health of a patient has improved or not, and where a specific adverse effect has occurred or not. A case study provides an example of the way this model can help to solve some problems of suspected drug toxicity. Finally, the model is shown to be a part of a hierarchy of models and the way to select a best model is investigated. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11223899&dopt=Abstract
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J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001 Jun;25(3-4):663-7.
Stability indicating HPTLC method for the simultaneous determination of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations.
Makhija SN, Vavia PR.
Pharmaceutical Division, University Department of Chemical Technology (Autonomous), University of Mumbai, Nathalal Parikh Marg, Matunga, 400 019, Mumbai, India.
The combination of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine is widely used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. A rapid, selective and stability indicating high performance thin layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for their simultaneous estimation in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method employed TLC aluminium plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 as the stationary phase. The solvent system consisted of ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia (7:1.5:1, v/v/v). This system was found to give compact spots for both pseudoephedrine (Rf value of 0.69+/-0.01) and cetirizine (Rf value of 0.38+/-0.01). Also the degraded products were well separated from the pure drugs. Spectrodensitometric scanning-integration was performed at a wavelength of 240 nm. The polynomial regression data for the calibration plots showed good linear relationship with r(2)=0.9947 in the concentration range of 10-26 microg for pseudeophedrine and 200-1200 ng for cetirizine with r(2)=0.9973. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness and recovery. The minimum detectable amounts were found to be 2 microg and 500 pg for pseudoephedrine and cetirizine, respectively. The limits of quantitation were found to be 6 microg for pseudoephedrine and 800 pg for cetirizine. Both the drugs do not undergo degradation under acidic and basic conditions. The samples degraded with hydrogen peroxide showed additional peaks at Rf values of 0.75 and 0.28 for pseudoephedrine and cetirizine, respectively. This indicates that both the drugs are susceptible to oxidation. Statistical analysis proves that the method is reproducible and selective for the simultaneous estimation of pseudoephedrine and cetirizine. As the method could effectively separate the drugs from their degradation products, it can be employed as a stability indicating one.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11377047&dopt=Abstract
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J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2001 Jul;25(5-6):1021-6.
Extractive spectrophotometric determination of ceterizine HCl in pharmaceutical preparations.
Gowda BG, Melwanki MB, Seetharamappa J.
Department of Chemistry, Karnatak University, 580 003, Dharwad, India.
Two simple, rapid and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the assay of ceterizine hydrochloride (CTZH) in bulk drug and in pharmaceutical preparations. These methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble complexes between CTZH with bromocresol purple (BCP) or bromophenol blue (BPB) in Walpole buffer of pH 2.64 with an absorption maximum at 409 nm and at 414 nm for BCP and BPB, respectively. Reaction conditions were optimised to obtain the maximum colour intensity. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increase in concentration of CTZH, which was corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient value (0.9991-0.9995). The system obeyed Beer's law in the range of 1-16 and 1.5-21 microl x ml(-1) for BCP and BPB, respectively. The various analytical parameters have been evaluated. The results obtained by the proposed methods were statistically compared by means of students t-test and by the variance ratio, F-test with those of the reported method and have shown to be in excellent agreement with the reported method.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11377088&dopt=Abstract
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