Drugs online research references
healthpartners.com
BACKGROUND: Although there is good evidence that several pharmacotherapies and counseling can effectively facilitate smoking cessation, there is little information about the use or effectiveness of these or any other quit aids outside of controlled trials. METHODS: A mailed survey with phone follow-up documented the use of various quit aids among 3,122 health plan members who smoke. A multilevel statistical modeling technique controlled for potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: Nearly half (1,513) of these smokers reported a quit attempt during the preceding 6 months. Although 1,036 (33.2%) reported using some type of aid to quitting, primarily nicotine products or bupropion, 10-26% of these "users" did not report an actual quit attempt. Ninety percent of the medication users had a personal cost, averaging $53-$87. Fully 26.9% of those reporting a quit without any type of aid quit for at least 7 days. This rate equals that of users of all types of aids except for nicotine patches and bupropion, both of which had associated 7 or more day quit rates of about 46% (95% CI 39.3-52.2). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacotherapeutic quit aids are being widely used, even in the absence of significant insurance coverage. Copyright 2001 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11482996&dopt=Abstract
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Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Sep;25(3):440-52.
Serotonin-dopamine interactions in the control of conditioned reinforcement and motor behavior.
Sasaki-Adams DM, Kelley AE.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison Medical School, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
These studies addressed the question of serotonin (5-HT)-dopamine (DA) interactions with regard to reward-related behavior and motor activity in rats. The first experiment evaluated the effect of chronic treatment with fluoxetine (7 mg/kg/day), a serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor, and buproprion (15 mg/kg/day), a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, on responding for conditioned reinforcement (CR). Chronic fluoxetine, but not buproprion, enhanced CR responding, and also potentiated cocaine-induced increases in CR responding. In the second experiment, animals received intra-accumbens infusions of either 5-HT (0, 1, 5, and 10 microg) or DA (10, 20 microg) prior to the conditioned reinforcement test. Dopamine, but not 5-HT, selectively facilitated CR responding, although 5-HT non-specifically increased responding as well. In the third and fourth experiments, it was demonstrated that intra-accumbens 5-HT causes increased motor activity, which was partially blocked by DA antagonists. The results suggest that chronically increased levels of 5-HT may facilitate reward-related behavior, but most likely via indirect modulatory mechanisms affecting general arousal and motor tone.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11522471&dopt=Abstract
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Lakartidningen. 2001 Oct 3;98(40):4336-40.
[Known methods can reduce tobacco dependence drastically]
[Article in Swedish]
Vainio H, Weiderpass E.
Institutionen for medicinsk epidemiologi, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm.
Tobacco smoking is the largest preventable risk factor for morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. WHO estimates that tobacco will become the largest single health problem by 2020, causing an estimated 8.4 million deaths annually. Tobacco has central importance in the etiology of cancers of the lung, head and neck, urinary tract, and pancreas. Reducing the number of young people who take up smoking and helping those who have started to smoke to quit the habit are the key ways of preventing these cancers. Tobacco- or nicotine-dependence is a common, chronic, relapsing medical condition. Studies of twins have implicated genetic factors in most of the differences in vulnerability to tobacco smoke and in the persistence of the smoking phenotype. The available interventions for reducing tobacco use and treatment for nicotine dependence offer public health officials and clinicians the greatest single opportunity for disease prevention. Five medications--nicotine chewing gum, nicotine patches, nicotine inhalers, nicotine nasal sprays and bupropion--and behavioural therapy appear to be both effective and safe: they double the quitting rates and are associated with a dropout rate due to adverse events of less than 5%.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11685754&dopt=Abstract
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