Drugs online research references
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1985;86(1-2):55-60.
Behavioral screen for antidepressants: the effects of drugs and electroconvulsive shock on performance under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule.
Seiden LS, Dahms JL, Shaughnessy RA.
Those antidepressant drugs that are in wide clinical use decrease response rate and increase reinforcement rate when administered to rats performing on a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) schedule. Drugs that are not antidepressants do not have this effect. In this experiment, the following were examined for their effects on a DRL 72-s schedule: trazodone, zimelidine, fluoxetine, and bupropion (atypical antidepressants); electroconvulsive shock (ECS, which is an effective treatment for depression); and haloperidol and clozapine (antipsychotic drugs). Trazodone (3.12-25.00 mg/kg), fluoxetine (10-20 mg/kg), and ECS decreased response rate and increased reinforcement rate. Zimelidine (20 mg/kg) increased reinforcement rate and nonsignificantly decreased response rate. At doses between 2.5 and 40 mg/kg, bupropion had no effect on reinforcement rate or response rate, but at 60 mg/kg response rate was increased and reinforcement rate was nonsignificantly decreased. At the higher dose, the effects of bupropion resemble those of a psychomotor stimulant. Haloperidol (0.04 mg/kg) and clozapine (2.5-10.0 mg/kg) decreased response rate and reinforcement rate. These results suggest that the DRL 72-s schedule may be useful for testing the antidepressant potential of new drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3161116&dopt=Abstract
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Neurobehav Toxicol Teratol. 1985 Mar-Apr;7(2):139-41.
Alcohol interactions with typical and atypical antidepressants.
Tartara A, Formigli L, Crema F, Maurelli M, Perucca E, Marchioni E, Manzo L, Savoldi F.
Selected parameters of central nervous system function have been examined in rabbits and mice given ethyl alcohol (ET) in combination with antidepressant drugs with different pharmacological profiles. A significant prolongation of the ET-induced loss of righting reflex was observed in mice treated with amitriptyline, 3 mg/kg, or trazodone, 8 mg/kg, injected intraperitoneally. The same drugs failed to cause narcosis when given alone to mice at doses up to 40 (amitriptyline) and 100 (trazodone) mg/kg. Rabbits given single 5 mg/kg IV doses of amitriptyline or trazodone exhibited a synchronous EEG pattern with an increase in spectrum total power that became more pronounced after IV injection of a low dose of ET (0.2 g/kg). The increase in the spectrum total power after ET was significantly greater in rabbits given trazodone than in those given amitriptyline. No significant interactive effects were observed in animals receiving combinations of ET with viloxazine, bupropion or fluvoxamine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3923380&dopt=Abstract
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Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1985 May;36(5):513-6.
Antidepressant drug therapy: the role of the new antidepressants.
Prien RF, Blaine JD, Levine J.
Three new antidepressants have been marketed in the United States since 1980, and about two dozen more are being evaluated. In a 1983 workshop convened by the National Institute of Mental Health, participants examined the claims made for the newer antidepressants in relation to clinical efficacy, speed of onset, cardiovascular effects, and other adverse reactions. In this summary report of the workshop, primarily covering amoxapine, maprotiline, trazodone, and the investigational drug bupropion, the authors note that none of the new antidepressants demonstrate greater effectiveness than standard tricyclics, although some produce a different profile of side effects. The main benefit of the newer drugs is that they offer new options for the treatment of patients who cannot tolerate side effects of the traditional drugs or have responded unsatisfactorily to them.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3924813&dopt=Abstract
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