Drugs online research references
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Oct;251(1):150-5.
Effects of cocaine and related drugs in nonhuman primates. III. Self-administration by squirrel monkeys.
Bergman J, Madras BK, Johnson SE, Spealman RD.
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts.
The self-administration of cocaine was compared with that of bupropion, 1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine, mazindol, methylphenidate and nomifensine, drugs that displace [3H]cocaine from its binding sites and have monoamine uptake inhibiting effects in common with those of cocaine. Squirrel monkeys responded under a second-order fixed-interval schedule of consequent i.v. drug injection, and dose-effect curves were established by determining stable rates of responding maintained by saline and a range of doses of each drug. Cocaine (0.01-0.56 mg/kg/injection), bupropion (0.1-3.0 mg/kg/injection), 1-(2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl)-4-(3- phenylpropyl)piperazine-(0.03-1.0 mg/kg/injection), methylphenidate (0.01-0.3 mg/kg/injection) and nomifensine (0.01-0.3 mg/kg) maintained comparable rates and patterns of responding in all subjects, whereas mazindol (0.03-0.3 mg/kg) maintained self-administration behavior in only half the monkeys studied. The present results in conjunction with those of previous studies in squirrel monkeys reveal a close correspondence between the relative potencies of cocaine and related drugs for maintaining i.v. self-administration and for increasing rates of schedule-controlled responding, suggesting that the reinforcing and psychomotor-stimulant effects of the drugs are mediated similarly. The potency relations observed in the present study also agree generally with those observed for displacement of specifically bound [3H]cocaine in monkey caudate-putamen suggesting that the reinforcing effects of cocaine involve its actions at specific recognition sites in brain.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2529365&dopt=Abstract
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Neuropharmacology. 1989 Dec;28(12):1383-8.
Dissociation of the actions of uptake blockers upon dopamine overflow and uptake in the rat nucleus accumbens: in vivo voltammetric data.
Stamford JA, Kruk ZL, Millar J.
Department of Pharmacology, London Hospital Medical College, U.K.
Fast cyclic voltammetry, at carbon fibre microelectrodes, was used to monitor stimulated overflow and uptake of DA in the nucleus accumbens of the rat. Several recognised blockers of neuronal uptake of DA were examined for their actions on each process. Benztropine, cocaine, GBR 12909 and nomifensine elevated the overflow of DA, while only nomifensine and bupropion blocked uptake. The actions of the drugs upon uptake did not correlate with their effects on overflow of DA. It is therefore concluded that the mechanisms by which the drugs influence overflow and uptake are different. It cannot be assumed that the elevation of extracellular DA is solely the result of blockade of uptake by these drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2533329&dopt=Abstract
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Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1985;85(2):173-7.
Characterization of the bupropion cue in the rat: lack of evidence for a dopaminergic mechanism.
Blitzer RD, Becker RE.
Using a two-lever operant task rats were trained to discriminate 40 mg/kg IP of bupropion from saline. Despite bupropion's established dopaminergic activity in vitro and in vivo, it was found that the bupropion cue was neither mimicked by the dopaminergic drugs L-DOPA and bromocriptine nor blocked by a variety of neuroleptics (haloperidol, thioridazine, and thiothixene). In addition, bupropion was active in attenuating the behavior-suppressing effects of haloperidol, unlike amphetamine and the atypical antidepressants, nomifensine and viloxazine. The bupropion cue was not mimicked or disrupted by adrenergic or serotonergic drugs, but it did generalize to some stimulants (amphetamine, cocaine and caffeine) as well as to nomifensine and viloxazine. The generalizations were blocked by neuroleptics. These data indicate that bupropion's cue properties may not be based on its ability to modulate dopaminergic receptor activity. The possible involvement of phenylethylamine in the bupropion cue is also discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2861618&dopt=Abstract
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