Drugs online research references
Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev. 2002;21(3):161-6.
Adverse drug reaction update.
[No authors listed]
Increasing numbers of articles on adverse drug reactions are published in a wide range of medical journals. To help keep you up-to-date with the latest advances worldwide on all aspects of adverse drug reactions, this section of the journal brings you information selected from the drug safety alerting service Reactions Weekly. The following reports are selected from the latest issues, summarizing the most important clinical studies, adverse reaction news, and expert opinion pieces published across a broad range of literature sources.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12298425&dopt=Abstract
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sghms.ac.uk
The thermogenic and hypophagic effects of sibutramine's metabolite (metabolite 2), a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, were investigated in rats and compared with duloxetine and bupropion. Metabolite 2 increased colonic temperature for 2.5-4.5 h. Duloxetine was also thermogenic but was less effective than metabolite 2. Bupropion similarly increased colonic temperature and was as efficacious, but less potent, than metabolite 2. At -8 degrees C, metabolite 2, duloxetine and bupropion all decreased response to heat reinforcement and reduced colonic temperature. Metabolite 2 produced a sustained increase in oxygen consumption (VO(2)) at 29 degrees C from 90 to 240 min, whereas duloxetine was far less effective. Bupropion rapidly enhanced VO(2), but its effect was less prolonged than that of metabolite 2. Metabolite 2 markedly reduced 24-h food intake. Duloxetine decreased feeding although its effect was shorter-lived, but bupropion was without effect. Thus, sibutramine's antiobesity action is probably attributable to effects on energy intake and expenditure. Duloxetine shares these properties, but is generally less efficacious. Any potential weight-reducing effect of bupropion is probably due to thermogenesis. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12323384&dopt=Abstract
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msn.com
BACKGROUND: Taft Hartley Funds provide group health care coverage for 10 million union workers as well as their dependents in industries such as construction and transportation. The adult smoking rate in these populations is estimated at approximately 40%, therefore, these funds include 9 million adult smokers. The absence of evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of smoking cessation programs has kept Taft Hartley Funds from investing in smoking cessation benefits. METHODS: A prototype for Taft Hartley Funds consistent with the Federal Clinical Guidelines for Smoking Cessation was designed and implemented in a pilot demonstration in the Carpenters Health and Security Trust of Western Washington. Participants chose a 1-call or more intensive 5-call smoking cessation counseling plan provided by the Group Health Cooperative's Free and Clear program. Medications were limited to the nicotine patch, nicotine gum, and Bupropion. Assessment of outcomes was performed by Free and Clear through a telephone survey 12 months following the enrollment date. RESULTS: Nine hundred thirty-five smokers participated in the program. This pilot evaluation covers 325 participants with at least 12 months since enrollment; 75% were male, the average age was 41.4 and 63% had smoked at least one pack per day for more than 20 years. Sixty-one percent selected 5-Call Counseling; 39% 1-Call. Seventy-five percent also used smoking cessation medications: gum, 4%; patch, 32%; Bupropion 21.5%; patch plus Bupropion, 15.7%. The point-prevalence-quit rates were: overall, 27.5%; 1-Call, 25.5%; and 5-Call, 28.9%. The cost of the program was $1025.28 per smoker who quit, or $11.78 per full-time equivalent employee covered by the Fund per year. The compounded savings in reduced lifetime tobacco-related medical costs for the participants who quit are estimated to be 15 times the cost of the program, yielding an annual return on investment of 27.6%. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that smoking cessation programs can be effective even in such hard-to-reach populations as itinerant building trades workers, provided that the program is designed to their needs and environment. Based on these findings, health plans need to consider whether they are at risk of violating their fiduciary duties if they fail to offer smoking cessation benefits. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12382249&dopt=Abstract
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