Drugs online research references
columbia.edu
The dental profession has recognized tobacco cessation as an important part of comprehensive dental care, yet implementation of the Public Health Service clinical practice guideline on "Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence" remains a challenge. This is especially the case for patients presenting in dental clinics for whom smoking represents a large financial burden. Many of these smoking-addicted patients also present with multiple risk factors: dental, medical, and psychiatric. Innovative approaches are necessary to reduce barriers to providing smoking cessation services to underserved and high-risk smokers. A tobacco cessation clinic in a dental school setting provides an opportunity for dental students to learn about the management of difficult-to-treat cases and to bring their enhanced intervention skills back into the primary care dental setting. This paper describes a multidisciplinary approach to tobacco cessation in a dental school clinic within an academic medical center.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12014565&dopt=Abstract
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hsc.vcu.edu
Bupropion, a tobacco-cessation product, shares discriminative stimulus effects with cocaine and methamphetamine. The discriminative stimulus effects of these drugs, in turn, overlap with those of nicotine. This study investigated the overlap in discriminative stimulus effects of bupropion and nicotine. Rats were trained to discriminate 0.4 mg/kg (-)-nicotine from saline in 2-lever drug discrimination. Both nicotine and bupropion substituted for nicotine; however, nicotine's effects were blocked by the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine, whereas those of bupropion were not. These results suggest that bupropion may be producing its nicotine-like discriminative stimulus effects through a different mechanism than nicotine. Given bupropion's shared pharmacology with dopamine transport inhibitors, these effects may be produced in part through bupropion's actions on dopaminergic neurotransmission.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12022798&dopt=Abstract
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vcu.edu
Bupropion is a weakly potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is marketed both as an antidepressant and as an anti-smoking aid. The mechanism(s) by which it produces its effects is not well understood. In the present study, the effect of bupropion was examined in rats trained to discriminate the stimulus effect of 0.60 mg/kg of (-)-nicotine from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. In tests of stimulus generalization (substitution), the nicotine (ED(50)=0.17 mg/kg) stimulus completely generalized to bupropion (ED(50)=5.50 mg/kg). In addition, interaction studies were conducted that evaluated the effect of 3.0 mg/kg of bupropion, a dose that when given alone produced saline-appropriate responding, in combination with various doses of nicotine. This application resulted in an enhancement of the potency of nicotine (ED(50)=0.05 mg/kg), as indicated by a leftward shift of the nicotine dose-effect function. In tests of stimulus antagonism, various doses of bupropion were administered prior to the training dose of nicotine and were found to be ineffective as antagonists of the nicotine stimulus. In contrast, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nicotine receptor) antagonist mecamylamine (AD(50)=0.40 mg/kg) completely blocked the stimulus effect of nicotine. Mecamylamine did not attenuate the stimulus generalization of bupropion. The results demonstrated that bupropion can produce a nicotine-like response in nicotine-trained animals, but it does so via a mechanism of action that is unlike that of nicotine. It is speculated that bupropion may be somewhat effective as an anti-smoking treatment in people who are motivated to quit smoking because low doses of bupropion produce a nicotine-like effect(s) that serve as a suitable substitute for nicotine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12044800&dopt=Abstract
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