Drugs online research references
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv. 1999 Feb;37(2):36-42; quiz 43-4.
Zyban: a new aid to smoking cessation treatment--will it work for psychiatric patients?
Farnam CR.
Vinfen Corporation, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA.
1. Psychiatric patients who smoke are more highly dependent on nicotine and are less likely to be successful at quitting. When they attempt to quit, depression is more likely to be a part of the withdrawal process. 2. Careful monitoring is required when psychiatric patients abruptly start or stop smoking. Clinicians must be aware that changes in smoking status will affect the actions and side effects of neuroleptic medications. Prescribing clinicians should ask about their patients' smoking patterns on a regular basis. 3. Psychiatric nurses have an ethical responsibility to identify individuals at risk of smoking-related disease, to inform current and future smokers about the risks of cigarette smoking, and to provide counseling and education for those who wish to quit.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10023606&dopt=Abstract
word match zyban online literature
Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000 Aug 1;57(15):1421-9.
Economic model of sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride in health plan and work site smoking-cessation programs.
Halpern MT, Khan ZM, Young TL, Battista C.
Glaxo Wellcome Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
The development and application of an economic model designed to assess the specific costs and benefits of health plan coverage of smoking-cessation programs involving sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride are described. A cohort of 100,000 employees or health plan members and 60,000 adult dependents was followed from the start of the model to either retirement at age 65 or death at age 85. The model was used to compare outcomes for coverage versus no coverage of sustained-release bupropion hydrochloride as a component of a smoking-cessation benefit under four managed care plan scenarios and four employer scenarios. For the managed care scenarios involving coverage of bupropion sustained-release the overall decrease in health care costs over a 20-year period ranged from $7.9 million to $8.8 million; for every dollar spent covering smoking cessation, $4.10-$4.69 in health care costs was saved. For the employer scenarios, health care costs over 20 years decreased by $8.3 million to $14.0 million, and smoking-related indirect costs decreased an additional $5.1 million to $7.7 million; for every dollar spent covering smoking cessation, $5.04-$6.48 was saved. A model developed to assess the specific costs and benefits of covering sustained release bupropion hydrochloride as a component of a smoking-cessation benefit indicated cost savings for health plans and employers.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10938982&dopt=Abstract
word match zyban online literature
Ann Pharmacother. 2000 Sep;34(9):1007-12.
Increased rate of trazodone prescribing with bupropion and selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic antidepressants.
Clark NA, Alexander B.
College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether trazodone is prescribed significantly more often with selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and bupropion than with tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of Iowa City Department of Veteran's Affairs prescription records from March 1, 1995, to March 1, 1998, was performed. Antidepressants prescribed only by psychiatrists were included. Concomitant use was defined as trazodone prescribed on the same date or up to 42 days after the fill date of the primary antidepressant. STATISTICS: All comparisons used 2 x 2 chi 2 contingency table. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Significantly more patients were prescribed trazodone concurrently with bupropion and SSRI antidepressants than with TCAs. Trazodone was prescribed significantly more often for patients receiving an SSRI (p = 0.0001, chi 2 = 14.59) or bupropion (p = 0.0295, chi 2 = 4.74) than for patients receiving a TCA. There was no significant difference in trazodone use between the patients taking SSRIs or bupropion. The percent of patients that received an SSRI, bupropion, or a TCA in combination with trazodone was 27%, 23%, and 13%, respectively. Overall, 23.7% of patients received trazodone concomitantly with a primary antidepressant. DISCUSSION: The effects of antidepressants on sleep and on sleep scores of depression rating scales are reviewed. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. The literature addressing the effects of antidepressants on sleep and on sleep scores of depression rating scales is summarized. Although sleep studies suggest that SSRIs may not improve sleep as well as a TCA, clinical studies do not often support these findings. Several studies report that bupropion may not improve sleep parameters as well as doxepin or trazodone. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that our clinicians prescribe trazodone at a significantly higher rate with an SSRI or bupropion than with a TCA. The exact reason for this difference is not known. If trazodone is used during the first six weeks of an initial antidepressant treatment trial, it should be discontinued to determine whether the patient's sleep disturbance has responded to the primary antidepressant. More comparison studies among the newer antidepressants and between classes of antidepressants concerning their effects on sleep in the depressed patient need to be performed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10981245&dopt=Abstract
word match zyban online literature
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||