Drugs online research references
Neuroscience. 1997 Aug;79(4):957-61.
The degree of inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area induced by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is a function of the density-power-spectrum of the interspike interval.
Di Mascio M, Esposito E.
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri, Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy.
Electrophysiological techniques and computational methods were used to study the effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline on the basal activity of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Acute injection of fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline (20-1280 microg/ kg, i.v.) caused a dose-dependent inhibition of some ventral tegmental area DA neurons but it did not affect the basal firing rate of other DA cells. A Fast-Fourier-Transformation based analysis of the basal activity of 32 ventral tegmental area DA neurons showed a positive correlation between the value of a functional operator (psi) equivalent to the density-power-spectrum of the signals and the degree of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced inhibition of ventral tegmental area DA cells. All ventral tegmental area DA neurons sampled were subdivided into two subclasses: (A) neurons with no changes in their basal firing rate and (B) neurons showing an approximately linear inhibitory effect in response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The neurons belonging to subclass A showed a more regular behavior of the interspike interval functions corresponding to lower values detected by the functional operator psi, whereas the neurons belonging to subclass B showed a less regular behavior of interspike interval functions corresponding to higher psi values detected by the same functional operator. Fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline also caused a dose-dependent increase of the percentage of spikes occurring in bursts in neurons belonging to subclass A (low values of psi), whereas the mean basal firing rate of these cells was not affected. It is suggested that this difference in density-power-spectrum could reflect the asymmetry of serotonergic input to the ventral tegmental area DA neurons, and the differential effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on these neurons might depend on the characteristics of their basal firing mode.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9219958&dopt=Abstract
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1996 Spring;6(1):41-51.
An open study of the effects of sertraline on adolescent major depression.
McConville BJ, Minnery KL, Sorter MT, West SA, Friedman LM, Christian K.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio, USA.
This open study investigated the effects of sertraline in treating 13 adolescents, ages 12 to 18, who were hospitalized for treatment of a major depressive episode. The sample included 7 adolescents with nonendogenous depression and 6 with endogenous depression, as diagnosed by both Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and Kiddie-SADS-P DSM-III-R endogenous subtype criteria. These patients were followed for an inpatient length of stay ranging from 9 to 38 days (mean 19 days), with later outpatient follow-up for a total of 12 weeks. Measures of depression were found to improve significantly, including suicidal ideation and most of the DSM-III-R symptoms of major depression. Sertraline (mean 110 mg or 1.96 mg/kg daily) significantly decreased scores on the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale from premedication baseline to treatment week 12, and also between weeks 1 (after a large week 1 improvement, presumably due to nondrug effects) and 12. There was a small but significant improvement on the Children's Global Assessment Scale between baseline and week 12, but the Family Global Assessment Scale showed no significant change; neither global assessment scale showed significant effects between weeks 1 and 12. Sleep disturbance was common (69%) after 12 weeks of treatment, but clinically significant improvements in sleep patterns were also observed. This open-label prospective study suggests that sertraline might be useful in treating adolescents with major depression. Adverse effects, mainly insomnia and drowsiness, were relatively common but usually manageable. One patient developed mania after 8 days of sertraline treatment at a dose of 100 mg daily.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9231298&dopt=Abstract
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J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 1996 Fall;6(3):191-202.
Behavioral therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a pilot study.
Scahill L, Vitulano LA, Brenner EM, Lynch KA, King RA.
Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-7900, USA.
Despite advances in pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), medication treatments are not always effective. This pilot project examined the feasibility of a structured behavioral therapy program in the treatment of children and adolescents with OCD. Ten subjects with a primary diagnosis of OCD were invited to participate in the treatment program. Seven youngsters, 5 boys and 2 girls (age range 10.8-15.8, mean 13.0 years), participated and were treated for a mean of 14 sessions. These 7 subjects showed a broad range of OCD severity, as measured by the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CYBOCS score range 12-29). Five subjects were also receiving antiobsessional medication (dose was not changed during the trial), and 2 subjects were treated without medication. All 7 youngsters showed a clinically significant reduction in the CYBOCS score at treatment endpoint (mean change 61%, range 30%-90%, effect size 2.04, p < 0.05), and the therapeutic gains were stable for at least 3 months after treatment. One of 5 children who had been receiving concurrent antiobsessional medication was able to tolerate a dose reduction following behavioral treatment. Two to three booster sessions within 6 months posttreatment were effective in preventing relapse in 4 of 6 subjects. The 3 children who declined behavioral treatment showed no improvement at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Behavioral treatment appeared to be a useful adjunct to medication in children and adolescents with OCD. Further research could evaluate whether behavioral treatment would lower the dose requirements for children receiving antiobsessional medications. Randomized clinical trials are also needed to confirm the effectiveness of behavioral therapy alone or in combination with medication.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9231312&dopt=Abstract
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