Drugs online research references
Teratology. 1993 Jun;47(6):573-84.
Serotonin and cardiac morphogenesis in the mouse embryo.
Yavarone MS, Shuey DL, Tamir H, Sadler TW, Lauder JM.
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7090.
The possible involvement of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) and its binding protein (SBP) in cardiac morphogenesis was studied using mouse whole embryo culture (together with immunocytochemistry or 3H-thymidine autoradiography) and a cell migration assay. Embryos were cultured before and during the period of endocardial cushion formation, embryonic (E) days 9-12, in the presence of 5-HT, the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor nialamide, or an uptake inhibitor (fluoxetine or sertraline). For the migration assay, cells from the outflow tracts of E12 embryos were dissociated and placed in a chemotaxis chamber together with different concentrations of 5-HT. E9 embryos cultured in the presence of 10 microM 5-HT and nialamide exhibited intense 5-HT immunoreactivity (5-HT IR) throughout the myocardium. This staining was greatly diminished by fluoxetine, sertraline, or the absence of nialamide. As morphogenesis proceeded, myocardial staining in embryos exposed to 5-HT became restricted to developing endocardial cushion forming regions and was more completely blocked by uptake inhibitors. No evidence for 5-HT synthesis by myocardium was found at any age studied using the precursor L-tryptophan. SBP was present in endocardial cushions in cultured and uncultured embryos. 3H-thymidine autoradiography demonstrated that both fluoxetine and sertraline inhibited proliferation of cardiac mesenchyme, endocardium, and myocardium. These effects were most pronounced when exposure began at E9 (prior to cushion formation). Dose-dependent effects of 5-HT on migration of outflow tract cells were also observed. Taken together, these results suggest that 5-HT may play a role in cardiac morphogenesis during endocardial cushion formation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8367830&dopt=Abstract
word match zoloft online literature
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993 Jan;44(1):51-61.
Sertraline attenuates hyperphagia in rats following nicotine withdrawal.
Levin ED, Briggs SJ, Christopher NC, Rose JE.
Department of Psychiatry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710.
Chronic nicotine administration can decrease food consumption and body weight. Abrupt withdrawal from nicotine can cause the reverse effect, hyperphagia and rapid weight gain. In the current study, the efficacy of sertraline, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on nicotine withdrawal-induced hyperphagia and rapid weight gain was assessed in rats. Sertraline was found to be effective in reversing the increase in feeding that occurred after withdrawal from chronic nicotine administration. Sertraline caused a dose-related decrease in food consumption in control rats not given nicotine. Doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg/day caused significant decreases while 2.5 mg/kg/day caused a slight though nonsignificant decrease in food consumption. Rats in which nicotine was abruptly withdrawn after 3 weeks of administration showed a significant increase in food consumption relative to controls. This increase was eliminated by the high dose of sertraline (10 mg/kg/day), but not by the lower two doses (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day). Water consumption was affected in a similar fashion. Body weight gain was also affected by sertraline. During the first week after nicotine withdrawal, rats rapidly gained weight, but sertraline attenuated this. The 10-mg/kg dose of sertraline significantly attenuated the nicotine withdrawal-induced weight gain. These results suggest that sertraline can counteract the hyperphagia and rapid weight gain associated with nicotine withdrawal, and might therefore be a useful adjunct to smoking cessation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8430129&dopt=Abstract
word match zoloft online literature
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993 Jan;31(2):149-58.
Effects of three monoamine uptake inhibitors on behavior maintained by cocaine or food presentation in rhesus monkeys.
Kleven MS, Woolverton WL.
Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, IL 60637.
Rhesus monkeys (n = 6) were surgically prepared with double lumen i.v. catheters and the effects of continuous infusion of the monoamine reuptake blockers mazindol, sertraline and fluoxetine were examined on behavior maintained by food presentation or i.v. cocaine injections. Under baseline conditions, lever pressing was maintained under a three-component multiple schedule of reinforcement in which food (1-g banana-flavored pellets) was available for 600 s under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule in the first and third components. In the second component, the dose of cocaine that maintained maximum rates of responding (0.03 or 0.05 mg/kg per injection) was available for 1800 s under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule. There was a brief time-out after each reinforcer. When behavior was stable, mazindol (0.4-3.2 mg/kg per 24 h), sertraline (0.1-8.0 mg/kg per 24 h) or fluoxetine (0.4-3.2 mg/kg per 24 h) was administered continuously via the second lumen of the double lumen catheter. Mazindol was administered for the same number of sessions that were required for responding to decline to low levels when the monkeys were allowed to self-administer saline [5-13] while sertraline and fluoxetine were administered for a minimum of 21 days. Baseline conditions were reinstated between doses of each drug. Each drug decreased cocaine-maintained responding in a dose-related manner. In most cases, food-maintained responding was disrupted at doses equal to or lower than those that decreased cocaine-maintained responding. Additionally, the higher doses of each drug decreased food intake outside the daily sessions. These results suggest that monoamine uptake blockers with prominent effects on either dopamine or serotonin neurotransmission can decrease cocaine self-administration but only at doses that also affect behavior maintained by other reinforcers.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8436060&dopt=Abstract
word match zoloft online literature
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||