Drugs online research references
Brain Res Bull. 1998 Aug;46(6):547-54.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce the spontaneous activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area.
Di Mascio M, Di Giovanni G, Di Matteo V, Prisco S, Esposito E.
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy.
Electrophysiological techniques were used to study the effects of paroxetine, sertraline, and fluvoxamine on the basal activity of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of rats. Acute i.v. administrations of paroxetine (20-1280 microg/kg), sertraline (20-1280 microg/kg), and fluvoxamine (20-1280 microg/ kg) caused a slight but significant reduction in the firing rate of the VTA dopaminergic cells studied. Paroxetine produced a maximal inhibitory effect of 10 +/- 11% at the cumulative dose of 160 microg/kg. Sertraline induced a dose-related inhibition of VTA dopaminergic neurons, which reached its maximum (10 +/- 7%) at the cumulative dose of 1280 microg/kg. The effect of fluvoxamine on the basal firing rate of VTA dopaminergic neurons was more pronounced as compared to that of paroxetine and sertraline, in that it produced a maximal inhibition of 17 +/- 12% at the cumulative dose of 1280 microg/kg. Acute i.v. injections of paroxetine (20-1280 microg/kg), sertraline (20-1280 microg/kg), and fluvoxamine (20-5120 microg/kg) caused a dose-dependent decrease in the basal firing rate of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Paroxetine and sertraline stopped the spontaneous firing of serotonergic neurons at the cumulative dose of 1280 microg/kg, whereas fluvoxamine reached the same effect only at the cumulative dose of 5120 microg/kg. Pretreatment with the 5-HTA1A receptor antagonist tertatolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) reduced the inhibitory effects of paroxetine, fluvoxamine, and sertraline on the basal activity of serotonergic neurons in the DRN. Administration of tertatolol induced a 15-fold increase in the ED50 for fluvoxamine. The antagonistic effect of tertatolol was much less evident in blocking the inhibitory action exerted by paroxetine and sertraline on the activity of serotonergic neurons. Pretreatment with tertatolol (1 mg/kg, i.v.) potentiated the inhibitory effect of fluvoxamine on the basal activity of VTA dopaminergic neurons. Tertatolol did not affect the inhibitory action exerted by paroxetine and sertraline on these neurons. It is concluded that inhibition of the basal firing rate of dopaminergic neurons in the VTA is a common characteristic of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The effects of SSRIs on VTA dopaminergic cell activity might be relevant for their therapeutic action and may explain the origin of the reported cases of akathisia.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9744293&dopt=Abstract
word match zoloft online literature
Urology. 2000 Apr;55(4):592-7.
Effects of antidepressants in adrenergic neurotransmission of human vas deferens.
Medina P, Segarra G, Ballester R, Chuan P, Domenech C, Vila JM, Lluch S.
Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of sertraline, fluoxetine, and amitriptyline on the contractile responses of the human vas deferens muscle elicited by norepinephrine, electrical field stimulation, and KCl, because the therapeutic action of antidepressants may be accompanied by sexual dysfunction related to the contractility of the vas deferens smooth muscle. METHODS: Ring segments of the epididymal part of the vas deferens were taken from 32 elective vasectomies and mounted in organ baths for isometric recording of tension. We then studied the effects of sertraline, fluoxetine, and amitriptyline on the neurogenic and agonist-induced contractile responses. RESULTS: Amitriptyline caused concentration-dependent inhibition of neurogenic and norepinephrine-induced contractions. In contrast, only the highest concentration (10(-5) M) of sertraline and fluoxetine reduced the adrenergic contractions. The dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nifedipine (10(-6) M) completely prevented the inhibitory effect of sertraline and fluoxetine on neurogenic and norepinephrine-induced contractions but did not change the inhibition caused by amitriptyline. Sertraline, fluoxetine, and amitriptyline (all at 10(-5) M) attenuated contractions elicited by KCl and reduced contractions induced by CaCl(2) in KCl-depolarized preparations. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that sertraline and fluoxetine inhibit vas deferens motility through inhibition of Ca(2+) entry, with no effect on the adrenergic receptors, and amitriptyline acts as an adrenoceptor antagonist and inhibitor of the entry of calcium.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10736518&dopt=Abstract
word match zoloft online literature
Pharmacotherapy. 1998 Nov-Dec;18(6):1298-303.
Concomitant therapy with anxiolytics or hypnotics and maintenance of initial SSRI therapy.
Shields SA, Gregor KJ, Young CH, James SP.
Outcomes Research, PCS Health Systems, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona, USA.
We conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the relationship between anxiolytic or hypnotic therapy and maintenance of therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Subjects were 654 patients who received anxiolytics or hypnotics early in SSRI therapy (study group ) and 15,172 patients who did not (controls). Maintenance of SSRI therapy was evaluated during the 6 months after start of therapy and included days of initial SSRI therapy and rates of discontinuation, defined as a break of more than 30 days. Rates of discontinuation in study and control groups (84% and 77%, p=0.001) and average days of initial SSRI therapy (77 and 94 days, p<0.0001) were statistically different. Thus patients receiving anxiolytic or hypnotics in the first 60 days of therapy were less likely to continue initial SSRI therapy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9855330&dopt=Abstract
word match zoloft online literature
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||