Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Apr;35(4):760-3.
Activities of various macrolide antibiotics against Mycobacterium leprae infection in mice.
Gelber RH, Siu P, Tsang M, Murray LP.
Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Diseases, Medical Research Institute of San Francisco, California 94115-1896.
We evaluated the activities of several macrolide antibiotics against M. leprae infections in mouse footpads. Erythromycin and azithromycin were inactive, while both roxithromycin and clarithromycin were found to be consistently active and, in fact, bactericidal. By both methods, clarithromycin was found to be superior to roxithromycin, a finding which, at least in part, may be a consequence of the higher levels of clarithromycin at the site of infection.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1648889&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
Drugs Exp Clin Res. 1991;17(2):91-9.
The in vitro activity of some 14-, 15- and 16- membered macrolides against Staphylococcus spp., Legionella spp., Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
Felmingham D, Robbins MJ, Sanghrajka M, Leakey A, Ridgway GL.
Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College Hospital, London, UK.
Erythromycin is a macrolide antimicrobial chemically comprised of a 14-membered lactone ring substituted with a neutral (cladinose) and an amino (desosamine) sugar. Recently, a number of new macrolide molecules have been identified containing either 14-, 15- or 16-membered substituted lactone rings. In this study the authors have determined the in vitro activity of roxithromycin and clarithromycin (both 14-membered macrolides), azithromycin (a 15-membered macrolide or azalide) and midecamycin acetate (a 16-membered macrolide) against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp., (including methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates), Legionella spp., Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the macrolides for the clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. examined were widely distributed. However, midecamycin acetate retained activity against those isolates of Staphylococcus spp. exhibiting inducible resistance to erythromycin and the other macrolides tested. Isolates characterised by constitutive resistance to erythromycin were also resistant to midecamycin acetate. All of the macrolides were very active against Legionella spp., with clarithromycin demonstrating the greatest potency (MIC range: less than or equal to 0.03-0.06 mg/l). Isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Ureaplasma urealyticum were susceptible to all of the macrolides tested. However, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin were poorly active against isolates of Mycoplasma hominis. By contrast, the same isolates were susceptible (MIC range: 0.008-0.12 mg/l) to midecamycin acetate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1650694&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
med.unc.edu
An in vitro coculture model system was used to explore conditions that trigger neutrophil chemotaxis to Chlamydia trachomatis infected human epithelial cells (HEC-1B). Polarized HEC-1B monolayers growing on extracellular matrix (ECM) were infected with C. trachomatis serovar E. By 36 h, coincident with the secretion of chlamydial lipopolysaccharide and major outer membrane protein to the surfaces of infected cells, human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNL) loaded with azithromycin migrated through the ECM and infiltrated the HEC-1B monolayer. Bioreactive azithromycin was delivered by the chemotactic PMNL to infected epithelial cells in concentrations sufficient to kill intracellular chlamydiae. However, residual chlamydial envelopes persisted for 4 weeks, and PMNL chemotaxis was triggered to epithelial cells containing residual envelopes. Infected endometrial cells demonstrated up-regulation of ENA-78 and GCP-2 chemokine mRNA. Thus, despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, residual chlamydial envelope antigens may persist in infected tissues of culture-negative women and provide one source for sustained inflammation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10068592&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||