Drugs online research references
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 1999 Jul-Aug;32(4):401-3.
[The evaluation of the efficacy of azithromycin and pyrimethamine used alone or in combination in the treatment of an experimental infection in mice by Toxoplasma gondii]
[Article in Portuguese]
Braz LM, Di Pietro AO, Amato Neto V, Franca FO.
Laboratorio de Investigacao Medica-Parasitologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brasil.
The efficacy of azithromycin and pyrimethamine in experimental infection of mice with Toxoplasma gondii was tested. Daily dosages of 200 mg/kg and 12.5 mg/kg, respectively, were given orally over a period of ten days. The medications were administered in combination or separately. The combined use of the drugs yielded better results, and a similar investigation using a cystogenic strain of the parasite will be conducted in a future study.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10495670&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2003 Dec;14(6):605-14.
Antibiotic treatment of atherosclerosis.
Muhlestein JB.
SUMMARY: PURPOSE OF REVIEW Several lines of evidence have demonstrated an association between a variety of chronic bacterial infections and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This has led to the proposal that antibiotic therapy might be helpful in the secondary prevention of atherosclerosis. A variety of smaller pilot studies have been reported testing this hypothesis and several large multicenter trials are also underway. The purpose of this review is to summarize the results of these studies and comment on their implications for the treatment of atherosclerosis.RECENT FINDINGS Most of the antibiotic studies to date have been secondary prevention studies that have targeted patients exposed to Chlamydia pneumoniae. Most have used either azithromycin or roxithromycin with treatment courses ranging from a few days to 3 months. Several small studies of coronary artery disease patients have shown significant promise for reducing cardiovascular events such as death, myocardial infarction, or admission for unstable angina. However, other studies have not been so positive. Weekly Intervention with Zithromax for Atherosclerosis and its Related Disorders, WIZARD, the largest study to date, in which stable post-myocardial infarction patients were randomized to receive a 3-month course of azithromycin or placebo, demonstrated a significant reduction in death and myocardial infarction by 6 months, but this benefit was not sustained throughout the remaining course of follow-up. The Azithromycin and Coronary Events (ACES) and Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy (PROVE-IT) trials are ongoing and are testing the effect of more prolonged treatment duration.SUMMARY A variety of antibiotic trials for the secondary prevention of atherosclerosis have been performed. Several pilot studies have shown significant positive clinical effects, but, thus far, no large randomized trial has confirmed those findings. Some concerns over the antibiotics chosen and the duration of treatment have been raised. Other trials are underway to address some of those concerns. In the meantime, no recommendation for the use of antibiotic therapy for the secondary prevention of atherosclerosis can yet be made.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14624138&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
word match zithromax online literature
J Fr Ophtalmol. 2003 Nov;26(9):921-7.
[Extensive toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Diagnostic and therapeutic management]
[Article in French]
Theaudin M, Bodaghi B, Cassoux N, Romand S, Le Mer Y, Lemaitre C, Fardeau C, Thulliez P, LeHoang P.
Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU Pitie-Salpetriere, 43, boulevard de l'Hopital, 75013 Paris.
INTRODUCTION: To assess the diagnostic and therapeutic management of extensive toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The files of all patients referred between December 1999 and December 2001 for the management of a severe, potentially sight-threatening toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis were retrospectively analyzed. The therapeutic strategy and the progression of intraocular inflammation are reported. RESULTS: Thirteen eyes of seven patients were finally included in the study. The sex ratio (F/M) and the mean age were respectively 4/3 and 44.5 years. Most of the patients were immunocompromised. Both eyes were initially affected in five cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after anterior chamber paracentesis in six cases. Retinal detachment was observed in three cases, initially or during follow-up. All patients were treated with a combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, but azithromycin was necessary in two cases. Clindamycin was used in two cases of allergy to sulfadiazine. Corticosteroids were associated in five cases. For all patients, infection and inflammation were finally controlled. The visual acuity improved more than two lines in four eyes and remained stable in seven other eyes. DISCUSSION: Clinical diagnosis is still a challenge in severe cases of extensive toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. PCR is helpful in identifying Toxoplasma gondii DNA. A systemic immunosuppression is frequently associated with a positive PCR. Treatment is based on a standard antiparasitic association and steroids must be discussed for each case according to the intensity of inflammation and the degree of immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: Extensive ocular toxoplasmosis is a serious condition. The final prognosis depends on the location of the necrotic lesions, rapid diagnosis, and efficient treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14631276&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
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