Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Feb;36(2):291-4.
In vitro evaluation of activities of azithromycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline against Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae.
Welsh LE, Gaydos CA, Quinn TC.
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
The in vitro activities of azithromycin (CP-62,993; Pfizer), erythromycin, and tetracycline were evaluated by inhibiting Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae, formerly TWAR, propagation in vitro in McCoy cells, HeLa cells, and HL cells. Eleven clinical isolates of C. trachomatis (serovars D, E, F, J, K, and L2) and four strains of C. pneumoniae were tested with an inoculum of 10(3) inclusion-forming units in a 96-well microtiter plate. The MIC ranges of these antimicrobial agents against C. trachomatis were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 0.5 microgram/ml; erythromycin, 0.25 to 0.1 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.0625 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The MBC ranges, calculated from passage into antibiotic-free medium, were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 4.0 micrograms/ml; erythromycin, 0.5 to 8.0 micrograms/ml; and tetracycline, 0.0625 to 4.0 micrograms/ml. The MIC ranges for C. pneumoniae in both HeLa and HL cells were as follows: azithromycin, 0.125 to 1.0 micrograms/ml; erythromycin, 0.0625 to 1.0 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.125 to 1.0 microgram/ml. The MBC ranges were as follows: azithromycin, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml; erythromycin, 0.25 to 1.0 microgram/ml; and tetracycline, 0.125 to 4.0 micrograms/ml. From the results of this in vitro study, azithromycin appears to be an effective antibiotic comparable to tetracycline and erythromycin for use in the treatment of both C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1318677&dopt=Abstract
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Am J Health Syst Pharm. 1999 Aug 1;56(15):1521-4.
Azithromycin versus erythromycin for community-acquired pneumonia: a cost-minimization analysis.
Howard KB, Blumenschein K, Rapp RP.
The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA.
The costs of i.v. erythromycin versus azithromycin (in terms of medication use and treatment of adverse effects) when these drugs were used with other antimicrobials to treat community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) were compared. The medical records of patients receiving i.v. azithromycin or erythromycin as part of combination antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of CAP at a 473-bed level 1 trauma center in Kentucky were retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected for patients treated from December 1, 1997, through March 31, 1998. Patient data collected included occurrence of phlebitis or pain at the injection site, number of line changes due to phlebitis, and culture results. Cost data collected included drug acquisition cost, pharmacy cost of drug preparation, nursing time to administer the agent, cost of drug supplies, and cost of managing complications. Three time-and-motion studies were conducted to determine technician preparation time and pharmacist verification time. The medical records of 62 patients were identified and reviewed; 50 patients were enrolled in the study (25 in the azithromycin group and 25 in the erythromycin group). The average total days of therapy was 5.1 for the azithromycin group and 5.6 for the erythromycin group. The average total cost, including the cost of complications ($4.36 per patient in the erythromycin group), was $66.46 in the azithromycin group and $96.56 in the erythromycin group. The difference in costs between the two groups was not significant. There was no significant cost difference between azithromycin- and erythromycin-containing combination antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of CAP.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10478989&dopt=Abstract
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Arzneimittelforschung. 1992 Feb;42(2):156-9.
Disk diffusion sensitivity testing and antibacterial activity of azithromycin.
Davila D, Tambic T, Djokic S, Kolacny-Babic L.
Pliva Research Institute, Zagreb, Yugoslavia.
Azithromycin (CAS 83905-01-5) disks with the selected loading (10, 15, 20 micrograms) were used for determination of the most suitable azithromycin disk concentration. Estimation was carried out by means of the regression line related to the zone size inhibition. Testing was performed on a variety of freshly isolated gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria derived from various specimens collected from patients. Using the disk diffusion method with 10 micrograms of azithromycin per disk in total 431 gram-positive, 875 gram-negative bacterial strains and 59 anaerobic bacteria were analysed. It was concluded that azithromycin disk containing 10 micrograms is sufficient for determination of bacterial sensitivity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1319164&dopt=Abstract
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