Drugs online research references
Curr Microbiol. 1995 May;30(5):273-9.
Erythromycin inhibits the assembly of the large ribosomal subunit in growing Escherichia coli cells.
Chittum HS, Champney WS.
Department of Biochemistry, J.H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614, USA.
Erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics have been examined for their effects on ribosome assembly in growing Escherichia coli cells. Formation of the 50S ribosomal subunit was specifically inhibited by erythromycin and azithromycin. Other related compounds tested, including oleandomycin, clarithromycin, spiramycin, and virginiamycin M1, did not influence assembly. Erythromycin did not promote the breakdown of ribosomes formed in the absence of the drug. Two erythromycin-resistant mutants with alterations in ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 were also examined for an effect on assembly. Subunit assembly was affected in the mutant containing the L22 alteration only at erythromycin concentrations fourfold greater than those needed to stop assembly in wild-type cells. Ribosomal subunit assembly was only marginally affected at the highest drug concentration tested in the cells that contained the altered L4 protein. These novel results indicate that erythromycin has two effects on translation, preventing elongation of the polypeptide chain and also inhibiting the formation of the large ribosomal subunit.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7766155&dopt=Abstract
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J Antimicrob Chemother. 1995 Jan;35(1):85-93.
Factors affecting the intracellular accumulation and activity of azithromycin.
Pascual A, Conejo MC, Garcia I, Perea EJ.
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Sevilla, Spain.
Azithromycin is a new macrolide which accumulates in high concentrations in human phagocytes. The cellular to extracellular ratio (C/E) of azithromycin concentrations (fixed extracellular concentration 1 mg/L) in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) were significantly affected by small increases in the environmental temperature (C/E 20.3 +/- 2 and 59.4 +/- 6 at 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C, respectively). PMN-associated azithromycin was not affected by the presence of different concentrations of human serum. The intracellular accumulation of azithromycin decreased slightly (C/E approximately 5) when cells were activated with PMA or opsonized with zymosan. The phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus or Haemophilus influenzae, however, slightly increased the intracellular concentrations of azithromycin. At different extracellular concentrations, azithromycin did not affect the production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals by PMN. The intracellular survival of H. influenzae in human PMN was abolished in the presence of concentrations higher than 0.125 mg/L of azithromycin. Under the same experimental conditions, however, azithromycin did not show any intracellular activity against S. aureus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7768786&dopt=Abstract
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Stomatologiia (Mosk). 1995;74(1):12-5.
[The prospects for using the new macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (Sumamed) in the combined treatment of periodontitis]
[Article in Russian]
Filatova NA, Kuznetsov EA, Dmitrieva LA, Tsarev VN, Kalinin AI.
Antibacterial activity of sumamed, a macrolide antibiotic, in respect of anaerobic microflora of the oral cavity, such as Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Str. sanguis and Staph. aureus, was assessed. The drug was found to be highly effective in respect of bacteroids (MPC90: 1,4 to 30 mg/mlMg/ml, this permitting the use of sumamed in the treatment of 9 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis in the exacerbation stage. Bacteriological and clinical control of the results of therapy demonstrated the drug efficacy in respect of periodontopathogenous flora, particularly as regards bacteroids and fusobacteria which maintain the inflammatory process in periodontitis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7770869&dopt=Abstract
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