[Macrolide consumption according to geographic areas in the province of Valladolid] Azithromycin, a lysosomotropic antibiotic, has distinct effects on fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis, but does not impair phagocytosis in J774 macrophages. Efficacy of azithromycin, praziquantel and mirazid in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in school children. Rx drugs

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Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2002 Dec;20(10):498-502.
[Macrolide consumption according to geographic areas in the province of Valladolid]

[Article in Spanish]

Pastor E, Eiros JM, Mayo A.

Medico de Familia. Centro de Salud Rondilla I. Valladolid. Spain.

AIM: In our setting systemic antibiotics comprise one of the most extensively used treatment groups in Primary Care. Among these, the use of macrolides has increased considerably in recent years and has shown variations in consumption according to geographic areas. This work was performed to quantify these variations. METHODS: Information on macrolide consumption in six geographic areas of the providence of Valladolid over 5 years (1996-2000) was compiled through data provided by International Marketing Services. The indicator used was the defined daily dose per 1,000 inhabitants and day. RESULTS: Macrolide consumption varied considerably among the areas studied. Greatest use of the major macrolides (clarithromycin, erythromycin and spiramycin) was observed in the area of Medina del Campo. Use of the remaining active principles in this subgroup of antibiotics showed the following distribution: midecamycin in the city of Valladolid, azithromycin in Area Norte and roxithromycin in Area Sur. CONCLUSIONS: Macrolide consumption showed significant differences according to areas, with some areas showing double the consumption of others. This diversity indicates specific patterns of use of the antimicrobials in this subgroup.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12433351&dopt=Abstract

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Exp Cell Res. 2002 Nov 15;281(1):86-100.
Azithromycin, a lysosomotropic antibiotic, has distinct effects on fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis, but does not impair phagocytosis in J774 macrophages.

Tyteca D, Van Der Smissen P, Mettlen M, Van Bambeke F, Tulkens PM, Mingeot-Leclercq MP, Courtoy PJ.

Unite de Pharmacologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, Universite Catholique de Louvain, UCL 7370 Avenue E. Mounier 73, Brussels, Belgium.

Pretreatment of J774 mouse macrophages by the dicationic macrolide antibiotic, azithromycin (AZ), selectively inhibited fluid-phase endocytosis of horseradish peroxidase and lucifer yellow, but not phagocytosis of latex beads. AZ delayed sequestration of receptor-bound transferrin and peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immune complexes into cell-surface endocytic pits and vesicles, but did not slow down the subsequent rate of receptor-mediated endocytosis. AZ down-regulated cell surface transferrin receptors, but not Fc gamma receptors, by causing a major delay in the accessibility of internalized transferrin receptors to the recycling route, without slowing down subsequent efflux, resulting in redistribution of the surface pool to an intracellular pool. Acidotropic accumulation of AZ was associated with an extensive vacuolation of late endosomes/lysosomes, and these compartments became inaccessible to horseradish peroxidase and immune complexes, but not to latex beads. The inhibitory profile of AZ cannot be solely accounted for by vacuolation and interference with acidification. AZ may help in dissecting various steps of the endocytic apparatus such as lateral mobility of receptors at the plasma membrane, formation of clathrin-independent endocytic vesicles, orientation of transferrin receptors into the recycling route, and fusogenicity with lysosomes.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12441132&dopt=Abstract

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J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2002 Dec;32(3):969-78.
Efficacy of azithromycin, praziquantel and mirazid in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in school children.

Allam AF, Shehab AY.

Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.

The study was conducted at a primary school in Abis 8 village. 88 children aged eleven years consented to participate in the present study. After fecal examination, 43 (48.8%) cases were found infected with Cryptosporidium. The mean oocysts number per high power field (HPF) ranged from (1.6-48 oocysts/HPF). Azitbromycin, praziquantel (PZQ) and mirazid were given to 13, 16 and 14 infected children respectively. Three weeks after treatment, azithromycin and praziquantel gave cure rates of 91% and 56.2% respectively with a percent reduction of oocysts in stools of 99% for azithromycin and 71.5% for PZQ. Mirazid was not effective. All the three drugs were well tolerated. It was concluded that azithromycin is highly effective in the treatment of children with cryptosporidiosis: PZQ decreases the infection rate and intensity.

online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12512828&dopt=Abstract

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