Drugs online research references
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Sep-Oct;95(5):524-8.
Therapeutic responses to antibacterial drugs in vivax malaria.
Pukrittayakamee S, Clemens R, Chantra A, Nontprasert A, Luknam T, Looareesuwan S, White NJ.
Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Some antibacterial drugs have antimalarial activity that can be exploited for the prevention or treatment of malaria. Monotherapy with tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin or azithromycin was assessed in 1995-98 in 92 adult patients in Thailand with Plasmodium vivax malaria. All patients recovered following treatment and the early therapeutic responses were similar among the 4 groups. The overall median fever clearance time was 57 h and the mean (SD) overall time to parasite clearance was 134 (48) h. Of 66 patients who completed a 28-day follow-up, reappearances of vivax infection occurred in 27 patients (41%) from all groups; delayed appearances of falciparum malaria occurred in 6 patients (9%), only from the azithromycin group. The overall mean (SD) time to reappearance of P. vivax was 23 (5) days and time taken for detection of falciparum malaria was 13 (4) days after starting treatment for vivax malaria. The 28-day cumulative cure rates of clindamycin (n = 12), tetracycline (n = 18) and doxycycline (n = 18) groups were similar (P > or = 0.14) and all were significantly higher compared to the azithromycin group (n = 18; P < or = 0.04). The intervals until vivax reappearance were also significantly shorter in the azithromycin group [mean (SD) = 21 (6) vs 25 (3) days, P < 0.05] suggesting that some of these were recrudescences. The apparent success rate (no subsequent appearances of either vivax or falciparum infection) was significantly lower for the azithromycin group (11%) compared to the other groups (34-78%; P < 0.01). In current antibacterial treatment regimens, short-course azithromycin has inferior antimalarial activity compared to clindamycin or the tetracyclines.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11706666&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
ttuhsc.edu
Azithromycin achieves prolonged, high tissue concentrations in spite of low serum levels and obviously must be active at tissue sites of infection to be effective. These unique features prompted us to evaluate the interactions of azithromycin and human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Uptake of radiolabeled antibiotic by PMN was determined by a velocity-gradient centrifugation technique and expressed as the ratio of cellular to extracellular drug concentration (C/E). Azithromycin was massively accumulated by human PMN (C/E=387.2 at 2 h). Uptake was not influenced by inhibitors of cellular metabolism, but phagocytosis slightly inhibited the entry of azithromycin into PMN. After removal of extracellular drug, the release (efflux) of azithromycin from PMN was extremely slow. Agents which neutralize lysosomal pH, preventing protonation and trapping of azithromycin, markedly increased antibiotic efflux. Active concentration and prolonged retention of azithromycin by phagocytic cells should allow delivery and subsequent release of accumulated drug at sites of infection.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11711255&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
CLAO J. 2001 Oct;27(4):209-11.
Chlamydial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers: successful treatment with single dose azithromycin.
Salopek-Rabatic J.
Ophthalmology Department, Clinical Center Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
PURPOSE: To reveal clinical presentations of chlamydial conjunctivitis in contact lens wearers as well as to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of oral azithromycin in the treatment of this condition. METHODS: Twenty contact lens users with chlamydial conjunctivitis were included in this retrospective study. Chlamydial infection was diagnosed by isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture of conjunctival scrapings. All patients were treated with a single 1 g oral dose of azithromycin. Follow-up clinical and microbiological examinations were performed 1 month after treatment. RESULTS: All patients suffered from some ocular symptoms such as itching, burning, tearing, and nonspecific irritation, but none had apparent conjunctival injection or any conjunctival discharge. The majority (90%) had bilateral complaints. Mild follicular reaction, limited to the lateral part of lower fornices, was present in 17 patients; the remaining patients had normal biomicroscopical findings. Four weeks following the single azithromycin dose, C. trachomatiswas eradicated in all patients and 17 (85%) were free of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Chlamydial infection should be considered more frequently in differential diagnosis of symptomatic contact lens wearers. Azithromycin is the most promising agent for the treatment of chlamydial conjunctivitis due to its excellent bacteriological efficacy and very convenient single dose administration.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11725983&dopt=Abstract
word match zithromax online literature
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||