Drugs online research references
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001 Mar;39(3):177-9.
In vitro susceptibility of recent clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis to macrolides and tetracyclines.
Samra Z, Rosenberg S, Soffer Y, Dan M.
Chlamydia and Mycoplasma National Center, Department of Microbiology, Rabin Medical Center, Beillinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.
We tested the in vitro activity of clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, and tetracycline against 50 clinical isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined in a tissue culture system using cycloheximide treated McCoy cells. MIC values for all the isolates were < or =0.015 microg/ml for clarithromycin, < or =0.125 microg/ml for roxithromycin and azithromycin, and < or =0.25 microg/ml for erythromycin and doxycycline. Almost half of the isolates (44%) were inhibited only by a concentration of 0.5 microg/ml of tetracycline. MBC as high as 4 microg/ml was displayed by doxycycline and tetracycline against 8% and 4% of the isolates respectively of the agents recommended by the Center for Disease Control as drugs of choice for the treatment of chlamydial infections, azithromycin exhibited a markedly better in-vitro activity than did erythromycin and doxycycline.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11337185&dopt=Abstract
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Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999 May;43(5):1291-3.
Antimicrobial activities and postantibiotic effects of clarithromycin, 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin, and azithromycin in epithelial cell lining fluid against clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Bergman KL, Olsen KM, Peddicord TE, Fey PD, Rupp ME.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, USA.
The antimicrobial activity of concentrations of selected macrolides found in epithelial cell lining fluid was investigated. Clarithromycin demonstrated greater potency and a significantly longer postantibiotic effect (PAE) than azithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Azithromycin displayed greater potency, faster killing, and a longer PAE than clarithromycin against Haemophilus influenzae. Drug concentrations in epithelial cell lining fluid similar to those found in tissue did not improve the synergistic potential of 14-hydroxy-clarithromycin and indicate that a maximal PAE may exist despite increasing concentrations of drug.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10223956&dopt=Abstract
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Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2001 Mar;39(3):181-5.
Comparative serum bactericidal activity of clarithromycin and azithromycin against macrolide-sensitive and resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Stein GE, Schooley S.
Michigan State University, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, B-320 Life Sciences Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
The serum pharmacodynamics of clarithromycin and azithromycin were studied against isolates of S. pneumoniae, including efflux resistant (M. phenotype) strains, by analyzing their serum bactericidal activity (SBA) over time. Normal healthy subjects were given a single 500 mg oral dose of these macrolides and serum samples were collected over 12 hrs. Paired isolates with MICs ranging from 0.25 ug/ml to 8.0 ug/ml were analyzed. Prolonged (at least 6 hrs) SBA was observed with clarithromycin for strains with MICs < or = 2.0 ug/ml. No SBA was observed in strains with MICs >or = 4.0 ug/ml. Azithromycin exhibited SBA for at least 6 hrs for strains up to a MIC = 0.5 ug/ml. No SBA was observed for isolates with MICs > or = 1.0 ug/ml. In contrast to azithromycin, clarithromycin exhibited SBA for at least one-half of its normal dosing interval against S. pneumoniae strains well above its current susceptibility breakpoint concentration of 0.25 microg/ml. These findings may have relevance to the ongoing debate as to the appropriate susceptibility breakpoints for the newer macrolides.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11337186&dopt=Abstract
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