Drugs online research references
Cor Vasa. 1993;35(2):75-9.
[Control of hyperinsulinemia in essential hypertension using the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril]
[Article in Czech]
Umnerova V, Jarolim M, Jindra A, Jachymova M, Peleska J, Savlikova J, Stolba P, Horky K.
II. interni klinika a kardiologicka laborator 1. lekarske fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Praha, Ceska republika.
Hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance are associated with essential hypertension irrespective of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. One of the mechanisms whereby hyperinsulinaemia may play a role in the increase in blood pressure, is an increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. The authors studied the incidence of hyperinsulinaemia, and the possibility of modulating it by 12-week administration of the ACE inhibitor (ACEI) lisinopril (Prinivil by MSD) at a dose of 20-40 mg/day. Compared with normotensive subjects, hypertensives showed a degree of hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance (higher blood glucose at higher immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide concentrations, and a higher IRI/blood glucose ratio) as well as manifestations of enhanced sympathetic activity (higher adrenaline levels). Lisinopril had a favourable effect not only on blood pressure but, also, on hyperinsulinaemia and adrenaline levels. It can be reasonably concluded that therapy with ACEI, in addition to its antihypertensive effect, may also favourably modulate some pathogenic and metabolic factors in essential hypertension.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8388786&dopt=Abstract
word match zestril online literature
Am J Hypertens. 1993 Apr;6(4):148S-154S.
Comparative renal hemodynamic effects of lisinopril, verapamil, and amlodipine in patients with chronic renal failure.
August P, Lenz T, Laragh JH.
Cardiovascular Center, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021.
We investigated the effects of lisinopril, verapamil, and amlodipine in 26 hypertensive patients with chronic renal disease of varying etiologies. Blood pressure, urine protein excretion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and renal blood flow (RBF) (inulin and para-aminohippurate clearance) were determined before and after 2 to 3 months of therapy. All three agents lowered blood pressure with minimal side effects in many, but not all, patients. Patients who had a significant lowering of blood pressure in response to lisinopril and verapamil had favorable renal hemodynamic responses as well--GFR remained stable, RBF was stable or increased, and filtration fraction, renal vascular resistance, and proteinuria tended to decrease. Patients whose blood pressure did not decrease had less favorable responses. In the small number of patients who received amlodipine, lowering of blood pressure was associated with a small decrease in GFR. Our results demonstrate a heterogeneity in response to antihypertensive agents in patients with renal disease. We therefore conclude that treatment of such patients should be individualized, and suggest that choice of therapy depend on adequate blood pressure response in conjunction with stabilization of renal function and urine protein excretion. Our data do not support the use of a drug in these circumstances if it does not lower systemic blood pressure.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8389563&dopt=Abstract
word match zestril online literature
Circ Res. 1993 Jul;73(1):51-60.
Measurement of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition in the heart.
Kinoshita A, Urata H, Bumpus FM, Husain A.
Department of Cardiovascular Biology, Research Institute, OH 44195-5071.
Angiotensin (Ang) I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors represent a major advance in the treatment of congestive heart failure, and tissue, rather than circulating ACE, may be their major site of action. However, assessments of tissue ACE inhibition in treated patients has not always supported this contention. In these studies, ACE activity was measured in homogenates of sampled tissue by biochemical methods. In the present study, using a model system, we have examined the validity of these tissue-sampling methods. Functional ACE activity was determined by comparing positive inotropic responses to [Pro10]Ang I in either vehicle-pretreated or ACE inhibitor-pretreated papillary muscles. [Pro10]Ang I elicits a response, which is entirely dependent on ACE-mediated conversion to Ang II. The ACE inhibitors studied were captopril, enalaprilat, lisinopril, and quinaprilat. In a parallel study, papillary muscle ACE activity was also measured in homogenates using [125I]MK-351A (a radiolabeled ACE inhibitor) binding. The studies indicate that the tissue-sampling method significantly underestimated functional ACE inhibition in hamster papillary muscles (p < 0.001). Kinetic studies indicated that the half-time for the dissociation of [3H]enalaprilat and [3H]lisinopril from hamster ventricular ACE was 4.5 and 6.2 minutes, respectively. The dissociation of [3H]quinaprilat was biphasic (half-time, 47 and 90 minutes), indicating that the two active sites of somatic ACE differ in their ability to bind to this inhibitor. The rapid rate of ACE inhibitor dissociation suggests that, during the time taken to assay ACE activity biochemically, the enzyme becomes "disinhibited," leading to an underestimation of functional ACE inhibition. ACE inhibitor dissociation rates were partially predictive of the duration of functional ACE inhibition in papillary muscles; other factors that appeared to contribute were "tissue trapping" of the inhibitor and de novo synthesis of ACE in papillary muscles. Quantification of tissue ACE inhibition and its relation to drug efficacy must, therefore, involve a careful consideration of these factors to avoid artifacts in clinical decision making and in assessments of pathogenic mechanisms involved in congestive heart failure.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8389676&dopt=Abstract
word match zestril online literature
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||