Drugs online research references
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1988 Dec;26(6):781-6.
Pharmacokinetics of lisinopril, enalapril and enalaprilat in renal failure: effects of haemodialysis.
Kelly JG, Doyle GD, Carmody M, Glover DR, Cooper WD.
Department of Nephrology and Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin.
1. Lisinopril and enalapril were administered as 2.5 mg single doses and as eight single daily 2.5 mg doses to separate groups of six patients with chronic renal failure. Patients were receiving regular haemodialysis. 2. In the absence of haemodialysis, the decline in plasma concentrations of lisinopril and enalaprilat was extremely slow and plasma concentrations were generally high. 3. Haemodialysis had large effects on plasma concentrations of lisinopril and enalaprilat. A 4 h period reduced plasma concentrations of both drugs by around one-half and often by significantly more than this. Even 1 or 2 h of haemodialysis had significant effects. 4. Haemodialysis plasma clearance was similar for both drugs with mean values of the order of 40 ml min-1. Clearance did not markedly differ when measured after 1, 2 or 4 h of haemodialysis or after single or multiple doses of lisinopril or enalapril. 5. The design of dosage regimens of both lisinopril and enalapril for patients with severe renal impairment or chronic renal failure should take into consideration the use and effects of haemodialysis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2853960&dopt=Abstract
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Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 1987;1(1):45-50.
Onset of action of captopril, enalapril, enalaprilic acid and lisinopril in normal man.
Semple PF, Cumming AM, Meredith PA, Morton JJ.
MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow.
The effects of orally administered captopril, enalapril and lisinopril on plasma concentrations of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (ANGII) and renin (PRC) were studied over a period of 6 hours in 6 normal subjects. A further 4 subjects received intravenous enalapril and enalaprilic acid (enalaprilat). Captopril (25 mg) by mouth caused a fall in pANGII that reached a nadir 30 to 40 minutes after administration but an effect was hardly apparent after 6 hours. Enalapril (10 mg) by mouth had less marked effects on pACE and pANGII with a decline in levels first apparent 1 hour after administration and the lowest levels reached between 3 and 6 hours. Lisinopril (10 mg) produced a progressive fall in pACE and pANGII from 1 hour to reach the lowest values 6 hours after treatment. Intravenous enalaprilat (5 mg) produced an immediate sustained fall in both pACE and pANGII but intravenous enalapril (7 mg) had a biphasic inhibitory effect.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2856460&dopt=Abstract
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J Pharm Pharmacol. 1987 Nov;39(11):929-31.
Pharmacokinetics of lisinopril (MK521) in healthy young and elderly subjects and in elderly patients with cardiac failure.
Gautam PC, Vargas E, Lye M.
University Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Liverpool Hospital, UK.
The pharmacokinetics of lisinopril were determined in 6 healthy young, 6 healthy elderly and 6 elderly patients with cardiac failure. Lisinopril (5 mg day-1) was administered for 7 days. Plasma lisinopril concentration was measured at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h on days 1 and 7 of the study. The two elderly groups had higher serum lisinopril concentrations than the healthy young subjects (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in any of the areas under the curve (AUC) for lisinopril plasma concentration (over time) between the healthy young and healthy elderly groups. The healthy young patients had AUC values on day 7 lower than elderly patients with cardiac failure (P less than 0.01). Creatinine clearance was correlated with lisinopril clearance (r = 0.63; P = 0.006) and with AUC on day 7 (r = -0.67; P = 0.004). Lisinopril clearance was different in the three groups (P less than 0.05): healthy young patients had the highest and elderly patients with cardiac failure the lowest values. Thus, in the elderly a reduced renal clearance of lisinopril leads to higher and more sustained blood levels. In elderly patients with cardiac failure, renal function should be estimated before lisinopril is prescribed as a reduction in dose may be appropriate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2892917&dopt=Abstract
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