Drugs online research references
Am J Hypertens. 1988 Jul;1(3 Pt 3):274S-279S.
Antihypertensive efficacy of lisinopril. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.
Zachariah PK, Sheps SG, Schwartz GL, Schirger A, Ilstrup DM, Long CR, Carlson CA.
Division of Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.
Noninvasive automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring during 24 hours in eight patients with moderate hypertension was used to determine the blood pressure response to lisinopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. Office, 24-hour ambulatory, awake ambulatory, and sleep ambulatory diastolic blood pressures were decreased from 108 +/- 3, 98 +/- 8, 101 +/- 7, and 87 +/- 14 mm Hg, respectively, at baseline to 83 +/- 4 (P less than or equal to 0.0001), 82 +/- 7 (P less than 0.0001), 84 +/- 7 (P less than 0.0001), and 73 +/- 9 mm Hg (P less than 0.005), respectively, after 20 weeks of lisinopril treatment (dose range, 40 to 80 mg once daily). The diastolic blood pressure loads (percentages of ambulatory diastolic blood pressures more than 90 mm Hg) during 24 hours and during awake hours were 74% +/- 19% and 83% +/- 15%, respectively, at baseline and 24% +/- 19% (P less than 0.0001) and 29% +/- 21% (P less than 0.0001), respectively, during treatment. Heart rate was not altered by lisinopril. In conclusion, lisinopril is an effective antihypertensive agent for the treatment of moderate hypertension, and ambulatory blood pressures and diastolic blood pressure loads are useful for evaluating therapy for hypertension.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2843199&dopt=Abstract
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Am J Med. 1988 Sep 23;85(3B):25-30.
Pharmacokinetics of lisinopril.
Beermann B.
Department of Drugs, National Board of Health and Welfare, Uppsala, Sweden.
The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, has an oral bioavailability of 25 percent +/- 4 percent, which is unaffected by food. The accumulation half-life averages 12.6 hours despite a terminal serum half-life of approximately 40 hours. Steady state is attained after two daily doses (every 24 hours) in healthy volunteers. The drug is not metabolized but is eliminated via the kidneys. Lisinopril probably undergoes glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption. There is no pharmacokinetic interaction between lisinopril and furosemide.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2844083&dopt=Abstract
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Am J Med. 1988 Sep 23;85(3B):31-4.
Lisinopril in the treatment of hypertensive patients with renal impairment.
Donohoe JF, Kelly J, Laher MS, Doyle GD.
Department of Nephrology, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Lisinopril, a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, is excreted unchanged by the kidney. To determine how reduced renal function affects the drug's antihypertensive efficacy and safety, we studied 26 patients with hypertension associated with impaired renal function, having glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) of 60 ml/minute or less. These patients were enrolled in an open trial of 12 weeks' duration. They were given single daily doses of lisinopril, starting with 2.5 mg in patients with a GFR of less than 30 ml/minute, and 5 mg in the other patients. The dose was titrated to a maximum of 40 mg daily according to the blood pressure response. A diuretic was then added if required. Mean sitting and standing blood pressures at four, eight, and 12 weeks of treatment were significantly reduced compared with pretreatment values. The median dose of lisinopril was 10 mg daily (range, 2.5 to 40 mg), and only four patients required the addition of a diuretic. The mean GFR was unchanged during the study (36 +/- 16.4 ml/minute at baseline, 39 +/- 20.8 ml/minute after 12 weeks of treatment). Twenty-five patients completed the study. The one patient withdrew because of nausea and vomiting due to reflux esophagitis, which was probably not drug-related. Another patient had transient angioneurotic edema and continued to receive lisinopril. No clinically significant hematologic or biochemical abnormalities were observed. Sixteen patients continued to receive lisinopril for one year. Blood pressure control and GFR were well maintained throughout. Thus, in a group of patients who are often difficult to treat, lisinopril provided highly effective blood pressure control and was generally well tolerated.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2844084&dopt=Abstract
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