Drugs online research references
J Hum Hypertens. 1989 Jun;3 Suppl 1:153-8.
Pharmacokinetics of enalapril and lisinopril in subjects with normal and impaired hepatic function.
Hayes PC, Plevris JN, Bouchier IA.
Department of Medicine, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, Scotland.
The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of two angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, enalapril (a prodrug) and lisinopril (directly acting), were compared in eight patients with hepatic cirrhosis and 10 healthy controls. The pharmacokinetics of both drugs were affected in patients with hepatic cirrhosis. The percentage urinary recovery of the parent (inactive) drug enalapril was higher in patients with cirrhosis than controls. Serum concentrations of both drugs showed considerable variation in cirrhotic patients, but the variance ratio between patients with cirrhosis and controls was greater for enalapril than lisinopril. Peak serum concentrations of both ACE inhibitors were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in controls, which may be due to increased drug absorption. The time to peak drug concentration was longer for lisinopril than enalapril.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2550638&dopt=Abstract
word match zestril online literature
J Hum Hypertens. 1989 Jun;3 Suppl 1:163-7.
Safety and efficacy of lisinopril in elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
Marlier R, Vandepapeliere P, De Vriese G.
Bijloke Ziekenhuis, Gent, Belgium.
The safety and efficacy of once-daily lisinopril was assessed in an 8-week open-label study of 24 elderly patients with mild to moderate hypertension. Following withdrawal of all previous antihypertensive treatment, including diuretics, lisinopril treatment was started at a dose of 5 mg, increasing to a maximum of 40 mg once daily as required. Treatment provided effective 24-h BP control in all patients, most of whom required a daily dose of 20-40 mg, and cardiothoracic index decreased significantly, indicating a favourable effect on left ventricular volumes. There were no significant ECG alterations and no major side effects occurred. It is concluded that lisinopril 5 mg is a safe starting dose for elderly patients who are not on diuretics, and that once-daily lisinopril monotherapy reduces BP safety without affecting heart rate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2550639&dopt=Abstract
word match zestril online literature
J Hum Hypertens. 1989 Jun;3 Suppl 1:177-86.
Clinical experience with lisinopril. Observations on safety and tolerability.
Cameron HA, Higgins TJ.
Medical Research, ICI Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK.
The safety and tolerability of lisinopril (1.25-160 mg daily) were assessed in 3,270 patients (2,688 hypertensives and 582 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF] and 280 healthy subjects. The duration of therapy ranged from a single dose to 43 months; 438 patients received lisinopril for at least 12 months (mean 20 months). In the hypertensive population, the most frequent adverse events reported were headache, dizziness, cough, nausea, diarrhoea and fatigue, although not all of these events were thought to be related to lisinopril; 6.1% discontinued lisinopril due to adverse clinical events, most commonly cough and nausea. Twelve hypertensive patients died (0.45%), but most of these were not receiving lisinopril at the time of death and none was considered to be drug-related. In CHF patients, the most frequently reported adverse events were dizziness, dyspnoea, diarrhoea, hypotension and fatigue. Again, not all of these reports were considered to be drug-related. Therapy was withdrawn in 9.6% of patients--hypotension, dizziness, diarrhoea and rash being the most frequent reasons. Fifty-three CHF patients died (9.1%) and in three cases death was considered to be related to lisinopril therapy. Hypotension, orthostatic effects or dizziness following the initial dose of lisinopril occurred infrequently (in 1.3% of the hypertensive group, including those receiving hydrochlorothiazide, and in 4.8% of CHF patients). Changes in laboratory parameters were generally minor and seldom resulted in discontinuation of therapy. Long-term treatment of hypertension and CHF with lisinopril for at least 3 years confirms that the drug is well tolerated. Overall, the side-effect profile is very similar to that of other ACE inhibitors with regard to class-specific effects. However, taste disturbance was rarely observed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2550641&dopt=Abstract
word match zestril online literature
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