Drugs online research references
Chem Phys Lipids. 2001 May;111(1):73-85.
Surface behaviour of bile salts and tetrahydrolipstatin at air/water and oil/water interfaces.
Tiss A, Ransac S, Lengsfeld H, Hadvary P, Cagna A, Verger R.
Laboratoire de Lipolyse Enzymatique, UPR 9025 du CNRS, 31 chemin Joseph-Aiguier, 13402, Cedex 20, Marseille, France.
The surface behaviour of two bile salts, sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC), as well as that of tetrahydrolipstatin (THL), a potent gastrointestinal lipase inhibitor, was studied at air/water and oil/water interfaces, using interfacial tensiometry methods. The surface behaviour of NaDC and NaTDC was comparable at both oil/water and air/water interfaces. A fairly compact interfacial monolayer of bile salts is formed well below the critical micellar concentration (CMC) and can help to explain the well-known effects of bile salts on the kinetic behaviour of pancreatic lipases. Using the Wilhelmy plate technique, the surface pressure-molecular area curves recorded with THL at the air/water interface showed a collapse point at a surface pressure of 24.5 mN.m(-1), corresponding to a molecular area of 70 A(2). Surprisingly, using the oil drop method, a limiting molecular area of 160 A(2) was found to exist at the oil/water interface. On the basis of the above data, space-filling models were proposed for bile salts and THL at air/water and oil/water interfaces.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11438285&dopt=Abstract
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mpa.se
OBJECTIVE: To study the prescribing of the antiobesity drug orlistat in relation to the approved indication and its weight-reducing effect in clinical practice during the first 3 months of treatment. METHODS: Anonymous postal questionnaire survey to prescribers of orlistat concerning a random sample of 1000 of 20,000 prescriptions. PARTICIPANTS: Useful information was obtained for 789 patients. SETTING: Primary and secondary care in Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Beginning and continued treatment according to the approved indication. Dropout from treatment. Weight loss during treatment. RESULTS: Four percent of the patients were prescribed orlistat despite having a body mass index (BMI) less than 28 kg/m2. Only 24% of the patients had a diet period with a weight loss of 2.5 kg or greater before the start of therapy. Half of the patients with a weight loss of less than 5% after 3 months continued the treatment. Ten percent gained weight or had no weight loss at all while 43% lost less than 5% in weight. At least one-quarter of the patients stopped the treatment within the observation period. CONCLUSION: Orlistat was not prescribed according to the approved indication in the majority of cases. The dropout rate was high and most patients had minor gain from the treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11549209&dopt=Abstract
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Control Clin Trials. 2001 Oct;22(5):515-25.
Principles for enhanced recruitment of subjects in a large clinical trial. the XENDOS (XENical in the prevention of Diabetes in Obese Subjects) study experience.
Torgerson JS, Arlinger K, Kappi M, Sjostrom L.
Department of Body Composition and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden.
In most clinical trials it is problematic to recruit enough patients within a reasonable time period. Prolonged or inefficient recruitment or both can have negative scientific and economic consequences. The XENDOS (XENical in the prevention of Diabetes in Obese Subjects) study is an ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective, multicenter trial investigating whether orlistat combined with hypocaloric diet and moderate physical exercise can reduce the incidence of diabetes in obese subjects. To implement the XENDOS protocol and recruit the study patients, we designed a system for centralized patient recruitment and centralized scheduling of patients and staff at the 22 collaborating centers. The recruitment and inclusion phase was divided into a series of different consecutive examinations of increasing complexity. Relatively simple initial examinations enabling a large throughput of patients were followed by more detailed examinations of fewer subjects, by then known to fulfil some of the study-specific requirements. With the aid of object-oriented techniques, the software was modularized to enable concurrent engineering. We also selected a structure where plug-in modules handling specific tasks could be added to the system as needed. The design was supported by a flow-oriented view of the progress of the patients through the study. With this overall solution we managed to include 3305 subjects (98.8% of the requested number) within less than 4 months. The sex distribution (44.8% men) and the number of patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), (21.1%) were in close accordance with, or far better than, the requirements of the protocol (45% men, at least 10% IGT patients). The basic design of the XENDOS information system can be adapted to fulfil the requirements of other study protocols within the fields of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc. Shortening the recruitment and inclusion phase of large clinical trials is of great value both to be medical society and the pharmaceutical industry.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11578785&dopt=Abstract
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