Drugs online research references
J Pediatr. 2003 Sep;143(3):327-34.
Orlistat treatment increases fecal bilirubin excretion and decreases plasma bilirubin concentrations in hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rats.
Nishioka T, Hafkamp AM, Havinga R, vn Lierop PP, Velvis H, Verkade HJ.
Center for Liver, Intestine, and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) can be decreased by enhancing fecal fat excretion. STUDY DESIGN: Gunn rats were fed a high-fat diet (control) or the same diet mixed with the lipase inhibitor orlistat. At regular intervals, plasma UCB concentrations were determined and 72-hour fat balances were performed. RESULTS: Orlistat treatment decreased plasma UCB concentrations (at 3 weeks; 100 mg/kg, -33%+/-8%, P<.05; 200 mg/kg, -46%+/-10%, P<.01). Within days of treatment, orlistat treatment increased fecal excretion of UCB (at day 3; +220%, P<.05). During 24 weeks of orlistat treatment (200 mg/kg diet), the plasma bilirubin concentrations were continuously approximately 35% lower than in control rats. Plasma UCB concentrations were inversely correlated with the amount of fecal fat excretion (n=12, r=-0.87, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In Gunn rats, orlistat treatment increases the fecal excretion of fat and enhances the disposal of UCB. This approach could lead to novel strategies for prevention and treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14517515&dopt=Abstract
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Gastroenterology. 1992 Dec;103(6):1916-24.
Comparison of different treatment modalities in experimental pancreatitis in rats.
Kimura W, Meyer F, Hess D, Kirchner T, Fischbach W, Mossner J.
Department of Pathology, University of Wurzburg, Germany.
Lipolytic enzymes may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, the effects of a lipase inhibitor, THL (tetrahydrolipstatin), a protease inhibitor, FUT (nafamostat mesilate), and albumin under different conditions in rats were investigated. (a) Isolated pancreatic acini were incubated with pancreatic homogenates and triglycerides or lecithin with or without albumin and the degree of cellular destruction quantitated. (b) Taurocholate was injected into the pancreatic duct of isolated pancreas and the organ continuously perfused with either FUT, THL, or albumin. Organ damage was evaluated by measurement of pancreatic enzymes in the portal effluence. (c) Necrotizing pancreatitis was induced in vivo via retrograde taurocholate injection. FUT, THL, or albumin was applied either intravenously or injected into the pancreatic parenchyma. (a) Albumin prevented the cellular damage caused by both fatty acids and lysolecithin. (b) THL was ineffective, FUT lowered the release of pancreatic enzymes into the portal effluence, and albumin was most effective. (c) Albumin prevented the development of panlobular necrosis and lowered the degree of extrapancreatic fat necrosis. Albumin, via its ability to bind detergents, may have therapeutic implications.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1451985&dopt=Abstract
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A growing number of obese people throughout the world have become a health-economic problem. Obesity and overweight are significant risk factors causing increased morbidity and mortality in obese people. Nevertheless, a marked improvement in the prognosis is achieved by a 5-10% decrease in body weight. Since 1 July 2002, two preparations for long-term therapy of obesity have been registered in the Czech Republic: Xenical (orlistat) and Meridia (sibutramin). Long-term randomized double-blind studies have shown that a decrease of 4.4 kg in weight within a year is achieved by 10 mg sibutramin administration, a decrease of 3.2-6.4 kg in weight within a year is achieved by 15 mg sibutramin administration, a decrease of 7.4-9.1 kg in weight within a year is achieved by orlistat administration, and placebo administration causes changes in weight ranging from -6.5 kg to +0.94 kg. A cost-to-effectiveness comparison has revealed that in one year the direct costs (ORC) of a decrease in body weight by 1 kg after deduction of the placebo effect make 9,817 CZK to 22,078 CZK (the supplementary payment of the patient being 2698 CZK to 7722 CZK) in sibutramin treatment, and 9101 CZK to 13,085 CZK (the supplementary payment of the patient being 632 CZK to 909 CZK) in orlistat treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14619705&dopt=Abstract
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