Drugs online research references
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1997 Nov;134(2):201-12.
Dopaminergic mediation of the discriminative stimulus effects of bupropion in rats.
Terry P, Katz JL.
Psychobiology Section, NIDA Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
Bupropion is a novel, non-tricyclic antidepressant with a primary pharmacological action of monoamine uptake inhibition. The drug resembles a psychostimulant in terms of its neurochemical and behavioural profiles in vivo, but it does not reliably produce stimulant-like effects in humans at clinically prescribed doses. Bupropion binds with modest selectivity to the dopamine transporter, but its behavioural effects have often been attributed to its inhibition of norepinephrine uptake. This experiment examines monoaminergic involvement in the discriminative stimulus effects of bupropion. Rats were trained to press one lever when injected i.p. with bupropion (17.0 mg/kg), and another lever when injected with saline. In substitution tests, dose-response curves were obtained for several monoamine uptake inhibitors. Nine of ten dopamine uptake blockers fully substituted for bupropion; the exception, indatraline (LU 19-005), partially substituted (71% bupropion-appropriate responding). Serotonin and norepinephrine uptake blockers (zimelidine and nisoxetine, respectively) produced negligible or limited substitution, and the anti-muscarinic dopamine uptake blocker benztropine produced limited partial substitution. A series of dopamine D1-like and D2-like receptor agonists were also tested: only the D2-like agonist RU 24213 fully substituted; three other D2-like agonists and four D1-like agonists partially substituted (50% < drug responding < 80%). Antagonism of the discriminative effects of bupropion was obtained with a D1- and a D2-like dopamine antagonist. The results demonstrate strong similarities with those obtained using other dopamine uptake inhibitors as training drugs, and support the view that the behavioural effects of bupropion are primarily mediated by dopaminergic mechanisms.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9399385&dopt=Abstract
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Encephale. 1992 Sep;18 Spec No 4:517-20.
[Duration of antidepressive treatments]
[Article in French]
Villeneuve A.
Departement de Psychiatrie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite Laval, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada.
In spite of the considerable amount of research undertaken in the field of biological psychiatry, there is currently no reliable guide allowing us to predict with accuracy the response of a patient to an antidepressant treatment. Moreover, owing to the heterogeneity of the spectrum of affective disorders, to the importance of eliminating the various factors involved in an apparent resistance to an antidepressant therapy, it seems aleatory, particularly for an individual patient, to foresee precisely the length of an antidepressant treatment, except may be in unipolar disorders. The quality of the physician-patient therapeutic relationship should never be neglected. The recent hypotheses pertaining to the etiopathogenesis of affective disorders, the advent of new psychotropic agents such as the specific serotonin uptake inhibitors, or other agents not acting through this mechanism and the MAOI, type A, as well as the utilization of corticosuppressor drugs, may pave the way to new therapeutic avenues that could, in the future, modify the prognosis and the duration of the treatment of the depressive affective disorders.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1308848&dopt=Abstract
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Pol J Pharmacol Pharm. 1985 May-Jun;37(3):243-52.
Central effects of repeated treatment with bupropion.
Klimek V, Nowak G, Czyrak A.
The effect of bupropion, a new clinically active antidepressant drug, administered repeatedly to rats and mice, was compared with that of imipramine. The drugs were given orally twice a day for 14 days, bupropion in a dose of 20 mg/kg, imipramine--10 mg/kg. The action of bupropion was studied in the following tests: clonidine-induced aggression in mice, open field in rats, amphetamine-induced hypermotility in rats, clenbuterol-induced hyperthermia in rats kept at high ambient temperature. Moreover, the effect of bupropion on 3H-prazosin binding to membranes from the cerebral cortex was measured. On the basis of the results obtained it may be concluded that in some tests chronically administered bupropion acts like imipramine; as both drugs potentiate the amphetamine-enhanced locomotor activity, attenuate the hyperthermic response to clenbuterol and increase the number of 3H-prazosin binding sites in the cerebral cortex.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3934652&dopt=Abstract
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