Drugs online research references
Synapse. 2003 Oct;50(1):20-8.
Characterization of the effects of bupropion on the reinforcing properties of nicotine and food in rats.
Bruijnzeel AW, Markou A.
Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant drug that is the only nonnicotine-based prescription medicine approved for smoking cessation by the Food and Drug Administration. The aim of the present experiments was to investigate the effects of bupropion (5-40 mg/kg) on the reinforcing properties of nicotine and food in rats. The effects of bupropion were studied under two schedules of reinforcement: a fixed ratio 5 time-out 20-sec (FR5 TO20 s) and a progressive ratio (PR). Rats were trained to respond for nicotine (0.01 or 0.03 mg/kg/infusion, free base) or food under the FR5 TO20 s schedule. Pretreatment with the highest dose of bupropion (40 mg/kg) resulted in a significant reduction (approximately 50%) of nicotine intake in rats self-administering 0.03 mg/kg/infusion of nicotine. The same dose of bupropion also decreased (approximately 40%) the self-administration of 0.01 mg/kg/infusion of nicotine, but this effect did not reach statistical significance. Pretreatment with bupropion slightly (approximately 15%) reduced responding for food under the FR5 TO20 s schedule. Finally, pretreatment with bupropion did not affect the self-administration of nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) under a PR schedule, but dose-dependently increased responding for food under the same PR schedule. These findings indicate that a high dose of bupropion decreases the reinforcing properties of nicotine as measured under an FR schedule, while having no apparent effects on breaking points for nicotine under a PR schedule that reflects both the reinforcing properties and the motivation to obtain nicotine. Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12872290&dopt=Abstract
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Behav Brain Res. 2003 Aug 14;143(2):193-200.
Antidepressant-like effects in various mice strains in the tail suspension test.
Ripoll N, David DJ, Dailly E, Hascoet M, Bourin M.
Faculte de Medecine, EA 3256 Neurobiologie de l'anxiete et de la depression, BP 53508, 1 rue Gaston Veil, F44035 Nantes, Cedex 01, France.
Several studies have reported rodent strain differences in the response to antidepressants in animal models of depression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential contribution of genetic factors to antidepressant response in an animal model of depression: the tail suspension test (TST). For this study four mice strains (Swiss and NMRI, two outbred strains and DBA/2 and C57BL/6J Rj, two inbred strains) were submitted to the TST after acute administration of five antidepressants: the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) imipramine and desipramine, the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) paroxetine and citalopram and the dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion.The C57BL/6J Rj strain had a longer baseline immobility time in comparison to the other strains. All antidepressants studied in this work decreased immobility time in the Swiss and C57BL/6J Rj strains. However, the Swiss strain displayed greater sensitivity to citalopram (from 2mg/kg) and C57BL/6J Rj to paroxetine (from 0.5mg/kg). This latter presented a greater size-effect with citalopram than with other strains and reached more than 60% from 8mg/kg. Moreover the size-effect of desipramine, paroxetine and bupropion in Swiss mice was greater than in the other strains in the TST. The NMRI and DBA/2 mice only responded to 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, both selective (paroxetine, citalopram) or non-selective (imipramine). The NMRI strain was more sensitive to imipramine and presented a size-effect (43% at 8mg/kg) superior to those of other strains. DBA/2 strain was more sensitive to citalopram than paroxetine and imipramine. Our results suggest that response to an antidepressant treatment is under control of genetic factors and that the strain of mouse is an important parameter to consider.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12900045&dopt=Abstract
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AAPS PharmSciTech. 2003;4(1):E3.
Studies in formulation and pharmacotechnical evaluation of controlled release transdermal delivery system of bupropion.
Gondaliya D, Pundarikakshudu K.
Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ganpat Vidyanagar, Kherva - 382711, District Mehsana, Gujarat, India.
The objective of the present study was to design and evaluate unilaminate transdermal adhesive matrix systems capable of diffusing bupropion base at a constant rate over an extended period of time as an alternative route of administration. Unilaminate transdermal adhesive matrices have been fabricated with different concentrations of Eudragit E as the adhesive and rate-controlling polymer. The in vitro release and epidermal flux through human cadaver skin were studied. The release of drug from the matrices obeyed zero order release kinetics (r2 = 0.9810 to 0.9960). The delivery rate of bupropion ranged from 10.5 mg to 31.4 mg per day from a 3.14 cm2 area of matrix. The relation between concentration of bupropion base in matrix and epidermal flux, concentration of drug in matrix, and epidermal adsorption of bupropion during diffusion follow hyperbolic fashion. Triethylcitrate (TEC) and dibutylphthalate (DBP) have no influence on the diffusion of bupropion through human cadaver skin when used as plasticizers. Incorporation of succinic acid in the adhesive matrix retarded diffusion due to the formation of rigid cross linking of the polymer, while propylene glycol and myristic acid, alone or in combination, significantly enhanced the flux of bupropion through human cadaver skin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12916913&dopt=Abstract
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