Drugs online research references
iop.kcl.ac.uk
RATIONALE: The clinical success of the antidepressant bupropion, marketed as Zyban in smoking cessation, presents an ideal opportunity to unravel its mechanism of action utilising animal models of nicotine dependence. OBJECTIVE: The present experiments utilise bupropion as a reference compound to examine putative interactions with stimulus properties of nicotine in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS: In male hooded Lister rats, bupropion (10 and 30 mg/kg IP) administered 30 min prior to each intravenous nicotine (0.03 mg/kg per infusion) self-administration session failed to attenuate rates of nicotine intake. Moreover, following the large dose of bupropion, nicotine intake was enhanced and response rates remained elevated throughout the 28-day course of treatment. To examine interactions with subjective effects of nicotine, rats trained to discriminate nicotine (0.2 mg/kg SC) from vehicle were tested with bupropion (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg IP). Bupropion pre-treatment failed to exert a "nicotine-like" action and also failed to attenuate the orderly dose-related discrimination function of nicotine (0.05-0.4 mg/kg SC) in rats. Using the conditioned taste aversion procedure to assess the aversive stimulus properties of nicotine, a function implicated in the regulation of nicotine intake, bupropion (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg IP) pre-treatment failed to modify the aversive effects produced by a threshold dose of nicotine (0.2 mg/kg SC). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained with bupropion in these animal models of dependence suggest this antidepressant may not directly interact with stimulus properties of nicotine; rather its clinical efficacy may be exposed in animal models that are based upon chronic exposure to nicotine and upon abstinence effects.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12451438&dopt=Abstract
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J Urol. 2003 Jan;169(1):386-9.
Direct evidence of facilitative actions of dopamine in the medial preoptic area on reflexive and noncontact erections in male rats.
Adachi H, Sato Y, Kato R, Hisasue S, Suzuki K, Masumori N, Itoh N, Tsukamoto T.
Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060, Japan.
PURPOSE: We examined the effects of alterations of the extracellular dopamine level in the medial preoptic area on 2 erectile contexts, namely reflexive and noncontact erections, in male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The extracellular dopamine level was measured in the medial preoptic area after administering the dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion hydrochloride (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Missouri) into the same area through a micro-dialysis tube. We measured the frequency and latency of reflexive erections, and the frequency of noncontact erection during infusion of bupropion. RESULTS: Administration of 10 mM. bupropion was associated with significant elevation in the extracellular dopamine level in the medial preoptic area. Bupropion (1 mM.) and Ringer's solution did not induce significant alterations in dopamine in the medial preoptic area. The number of reflexive erections significantly increased and erection latency decreased during infusion of 10 mM. bupropion into the medial preoptic area. The number of noncontact erections was also increased by administering 10 mM. of drug. CONCLUSIONS: The altered dopamine level in the medial preoptic area affected 2 distinct penile erectile contexts, suggesting that the dopamine levels in the medial preoptic area may be involved in the regulation of erection. These results may have important implications for the central regulation of penile erection.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12478196&dopt=Abstract
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Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev. 2002;21(4):253-60.
Adverse drug reaction update.
[No authors listed]
Increasing numbers of articles on adverse drug reactions are published in a wide range of medical journals. To help keep you up-to-date with the latest advances worldwide on all aspects of adverse drug reactions, this section of the journal brings you information selected from the drug safety alerting service Reactions Weekly. The following reports are selected from the latest issues, summarizing the most important clinical studies, adverse reaction news, and expert opinion pieces published across a broad range of literature sources.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12503258&dopt=Abstract
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