Drugs online research references
J Neurochem. 1991 Aug;57(2):701-7.
Interstitial 3-methoxytyramine reflects striatal dopamine release: an in vivo microdialysis study.
Brown EE, Damsma G, Cumming P, Fibiger HC.
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Previous ex vivo studies have provided indirect evidence that the dopamine (DA) metabolite 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) may be a useful index of DA release in vivo. In the present study, in vivo microdialysis was utilized to assess directly the relationship between extracellular DA and 3-MT in the striatum of rats following a variety of pharmacological manipulations. Apomorphine, a DA receptor agonist, produced a rapid, transient decrease in both DA and 3-MT. Conversely, the DA receptor antagonist haloperidol produced a concomitant increase in extracellular DA and 3-MT. Increases in DA and 3-MT were also noted following the administration of the DA uptake inhibitor, bupropion. Local application of tetrodotoxin resulted in the complete elimination of measurable amounts of DA and 3-MT in the dialysate, gamma-Butyrolactone also greatly decreased DA and 3-MT. Finally, d-amphetamine produced a large increase in DA and 3-MT in animals that had been treated previously with gamma-butyrolactone. The Pearson correlation coefficients for DA and 3-MT following these manipulations ranged from 0.87 to 0.97. These data indicate that interstitial 3-MT is an accurate index of DA release. However, when compared with previous ex vivo findings, the present results also suggest that changes in tissue concentrations of 3-MT may not reliably reflect DA release following certain pharmacological manipulations.
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J Pharm Sci. 1984 Aug;73(8):1104-7.
Determination of bupropion and its major basic metabolites in plasma by liquid chromatography with dual-wavelength ultraviolet detection.
Cooper TB, Suckow RF, Glassman A.
A method for the determination of bupropion and its three major basic metabolites in plasma is described. Following an extraction from alkaline plasma into 1.5% v/v isoamyl alcohol in n-heptane, a portion of the acid-backwashed extract was injected onto a column packed with trimethylsilyl reverse-phase material and eluted with a phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (80:20) mobile phase containing an ion-pairing reagent and triethylamine. The compounds were detected with a dual-wavelength UV detector (214 and 254 nm) to optimize sensitivity and facilitate simultaneous detection. The method provides an absolute recovery of approximately 85% for bupropion and approximately 98% for the metabolites. Day-to-day reproducibility did not exceed 4.0% for all compounds. The detection limits were approximately 5 ng/mL for bupropion and 100 ng/mL for the major metabolites. The limit of 100 ng/mL for metabolite quantitation is imposed by the internal standard concentration selected for steady-state studies. In single-dose pharmacokinetic studies, 10% of the steady-state concentration of internal standard was used; this permitted a 10-ng/mL lower limit of detection. Steady-state plasma levels of bupropion and the metabolites from eight different patients are presented.
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Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1982;78(4):377-9.
Effects of dopamine uptake inhibitors on schedule-controlled behavior in the squirrel monkey.
McKearney JW.
Squirrel monkeys responded under a multiple fixed-interval (FI) fixed-ratio (FR) schedule of stimulus-shock termination. Benztropine mesylate (0.03-1.7 mg/kg), bupropion HCl (0.3-5.6 mg/kg), mazindol (0.01-0.3 mg/kg), and nomifensine maleate (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) markedly increased responding under the FI schedule, but not under the FR schedule. Mazindol was about three-times more potent than nomifensine and ten-times more potent than bupropion. Benztropine and mazindol were about equal in potency. The order and relative magnitude of potency differences for mazindol, nomifensine, and bupropion are similar to those reported by others for in vitro inhibition of dopamine uptake in rat striatum, but the relative potency of benztropine was greater in these behavioral experiments than expected from its potency in inhibiting dopamine uptake.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6818602&dopt=Abstract
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