Drugs online research references
Menopause. 2003 Jan-Feb;10(1):37-44.
A comparison of therapy continuation rates of different hormone replacement agents: a 9-month retrospective, longitudinal analysis of pharmacy claims among new users.
Simon JA, Wysocki S, Brandman J, Axelsen K.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the rate of therapy continuation among women using six different hormone replacement therapies (HRTs). DESIGN: A retrospective, longitudinal analysis of pharmacy claims data was conducted for 7,120 women who were new users of six HRT regimens. Continuation rates of therapies were examined at the end of the 9-month period. In addition, the odds ratio of continuation for each product was determined using a logistic model, which controlled for the potential influence of a patient's age and a provider's age, gender, specialty, and geographical location. RESULTS: Treatment continuation rates at the end of the 9-month period were significantly higher among patients prescribed oral 1 mg norethindrone acetate/5 microgram ethinyl estradiol (EE) (femhrt, Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA) compared with other HRT regimens. Patients prescribed 1 mg norethindrone acetate/5 microgram EE were 52% more likely to continue therapy compared with patients prescribed 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogens/2.5 mg or 5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (Prempro, Wyeth, Madison, NJ, USA). Significantly higher rates of therapy continuation were seen in women aged 55 years or older, those who did not switch HRT during the analysis, those who received care in the central and northeast regions of the United States, and those who were seen by obstetricians/gynecologists (v primary care physicians) or female (v male) providers. CONCLUSIONS: The higher rates of treatment continuation seen with newer continuous combined HRTs, such as 1 mg norethindrone acetate/5 microgram EE, may lead to improved long-term compliance and, therefore, better protection against osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12544675&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1992 Aug;99(8):680-4.
Stimulation of vasopressin release in women with primary dysmenorrhoea and after oral contraceptive treatment--effect on uterine contractility.
Ekstrom P, Akerlund M, Forsling M, Kindahl H, Laudanski T, Mrugacz G.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
OBJECTIVE: To study aspects of the aetiology of primary dysmenorrhoea and mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect in this condition of an oral contraceptive. INTERVENTION: Intrauterine pressure was recorded before and during infusion of hypertonic saline (5% NaCl, 0.06 ml/kg/min) over 75 min on the first day of bleeding in women with dysmenorrhoea and after 3 weeks of oral contraceptive treatment. Plasma sampling every 15 min of ongoing infusion for the estimation of osmolality, arginine vasopressin, oxytocin and the prostaglandin (PG) F-metabolite, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha. SUBJECTS: Ten healthy nulliparous women with moderate to severe primary dysmenorrhoea. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma levels of posterior pituitary hormones and the PGF-metabolite. Total pressure area (TPA) of the recording curve. RESULTS: In dysmenorrhoea before infusion the plasma concentration of vasopressin was in mean 2.18, oxytocin 5.05 and the PGF-metabolite 321.5 pmol/l, and the TPA 3.8 kPa x 10 min. After oral contraceptive treatment the vasopressin level and the TPA were significantly reduced. At both sessions apart from intensifying the pain, the saline infusion increased vasopressin and oxytocin levels as well as the TPA, whereas the concentration of the PGF-metabolite at both sessions decreased. CONCLUSION: Confirmation is provided of the elevated secretion of arginine vasopressin and PGF2 alpha, as well as increased uterine activity in primary dysmenorrhoea. The observations are in agreement with the concept that a lowered level of vasopressin and a decreased uterine activity contributes to the beneficial effect of OCs in the condition. Stimulation of the secretion of vasopressin increases the uterine activity and symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea, but results suggest that this effect does not involve a mechanism of increased PGF-synthesis. The role of oxytocin in dysmenorrhoea can not yet be defined.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1390475&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
wfubmc.edu
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are the most widely prescribed and effective of the reversible contraceptive methods. In addition to inhibiting ovulation, OCs alter central nervous system function in women; however, methodological problems have prevented clear human studies. Thus, in this experiment we investigated the effects of OC treatment on behavior, hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis function and the central nervous system in 75 adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) housed in social groups of four to five monkeys per pen. Monkey social groups were randomly divided into either a control or an OC treatment group which was administered a clinically prescribed OC (Triphasil(R), levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol tablets) for 2 years. OC treatment increased the frequency of contact aggression received, time spent in locomotion, and sitting close to another animal, and decreased time spent fearfully scanning. OC treatment decreased heart rate, increased activity levels, and increased baseline cortisol concentrations and the cortisol response to adrenocorticotropin compared to control animals. OC treatment decreased the prolactin response to fenfluramine suggesting decreased serotonergic activity. These results suggest that this triphasic OC disrupts social behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and the underlying central nervous system function.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14575727&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
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