Drugs online research references
Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Feb;75(2):217-22.
Oral contraceptives and coronary artery atherosclerosis of cynomolgus monkeys.
Clarkson TB, Shively CA, Morgan TM, Koritnik DR, Adams MR, Kaplan JR.
Arteriosclerosis Research Center, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Studies of both human and nonhuman primates show an inverse relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and coronary artery atherosclerosis. For this reason, there has been concern that the HDL cholesterol-lowering effect of oral contraceptives might exacerbate coronary artery atherosclerosis. We studied three groups of adult female cynomolgus macaques fed a moderately atherogenic diet: a control group, a group given ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel, and another group given ethinyl estradiol and ethynodiol diacetate. Norgestrel and ethynodiol diacetate, co-administered with ethinyl estradiol, lowered the plasma concentrations of HDL cholesterol. However, the extent of coronary artery atherosclerosis was lessened by both contraceptives, especially among females at high risk based on their plasma lipid profiles.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2300348&dopt=Abstract
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Zentralbl Gynakol. 1990;112(3):135-41.
[Pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol following the administration of combination contraceptive preparations]
[Article in German]
Carol W, Klinger G, Jager R, Kasch R.
Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Bereichs Medizin, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena.
A radioimmunoassay for ethinylestradiol (EE2) which was developed in the pharmacological department of VEB Jenapharm has been modified and fully validated. It was the purpose of the present study to extend the still limited data concerning EE2-serum levels after a single and repeated ingestion of combination pills with different doses of EE2. 10 volunteers aged 17-25 years with normal body weight and length received a single tablet of either Gravistat (0.05 mg ethinylestradiol + 0.125 mg levonorgestrel) or Minisiston (0.03 mg ethinylestradiol + 0.125 mg levonorgestrel). 11 other women were involved into the study after ingestion of the 21st tablet of a contraceptive cycle. Peak serum levels which were significantly higher in the Gravistat- than in the Minisiston-group were observed 90 to 120 minutes after the oral administration. Detectable EE2 levels were determined in all volunteers after 24 hours. Pharmacokinetic data showed pronounced interindividual variations. Whereas the mean 24 hours levels of EE2 increased progressively during the treatment cycles, kinetic values obtained at the end of the cycle exhibited a significantly higher level than those after ingestion of a single dose. Area under curve (AUC) was calculated by the trapezoidal rule with the aid of a compartment free model.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2336888&dopt=Abstract
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Akush Ginekol (Mosk). 1985 Aug;(9):56-7.
[Indicators of arterial blood pressure during hormonal contraception]
[Article in Russian]
Trutko NS, Dubnitskaia LV, Kuramshina AKh.
PIP: The effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on changes in arterial pressure (AP) was studied in 160 healthy women, 22-35 years of age, with ovulatory menstrual cycles. They took Ovidan and Non-ovlon for 12 months to prevent unwanted pregnancy. These steroidal preparations contain equal doses (.05 mg) of ethinyl estradiol and different doses of gestagenic components: .25 mg of levonorgestrel in Ovidan and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate in Non-ovlon. Measurements of AP parameters were taken with a mercury sphygmomanometer, and complications caused by OCs were recorded. Results were processed by the usual methods of variational statistics. With Ovidan, a significant increase (p .05) in systolic and diastolic AP was recorded after 3 and 6 months. Systolic and diastolic APs exceeded the initial levels by 7 and 6 mm Hg, respectively. Non-ovlon caused a less pronounced effect; a significant increase (p .05) of systolic and diastolic AP was recorded during the 12th month of contraception only. Thus, the results indicate that OCs can cause an increase in AP, and the gestagenic component increases the risk of hypertension. Levonorgestrel causes a more marked effect than norethisterone. Periodic AP measurements (every 3 months) are recommended for women using OCs. In cases of a steady increase in AP, use of this contraceptive method should be terminated.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2416229&dopt=Abstract
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