Drugs online research references
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1996;66(1):46-54.
Early effect of a low dose (30 micrograms) ethinyl estradiol-containing Triphasil on vitamin B6 status. A follow-up study on six menstrual cycles.
Masse PG, van den Berg H, Duguay C, Beaulieu G, Simard JM.
School of Nutrition and Family Studies, Universite de Moncton, New-Brunswick, Canada.
The objectives of the study were to follow-up six artificial menstrual cycles induced by Triphasil in order to determine: 1) the time of apparition of B6 metabolic side-effects, in the eventuality they occur, and 2) the existence or non-existence of a normalization process and if so, when it is initiated. The choice of this triphasic OC preparation was based on its current popularity among modern gynecologists. Among the selected twenty-three young women who had never used oral contraceptives (OC), fourteen consented to try a new contraceptive method. Their nutritional status including anthropometric, hematologic, biochemical and dietetic (including vitamin B6 intake) parameters was found to be adequate. A functional enzymatic test coupled to a direct measurement of vitamin B6 was employed to obtain a complete assessment of their vitamin B6 status. By using both approaches, only one case (7%) of deficiency due to OC was evidenced. This well-controlled study revealed that a short-term use of a relatively low dose estrogen-containing OC (30 micrograms) did not alter PLP concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes in the majority of our young subjects consuming adequate diets. However, a disturbance in vitamin B6 metabolism was detected. PL levels in both blood components have increased steadily and did not subside to pretreatment values at the end of the experiment. In conclusion, the single use of the PLP vitamer can be misleading as demonstrated by other investigators. To assess B6-status during oral contraception, in addition to a functional enzymatic test, it may be necessary to include the other aldehydic form of vitamin B6, to fully establish and comprehend hormone-induced adverse effects on this metabolism, particularly those of progesterone/progestin that have not yet been explored.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8698546&dopt=Abstract
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Tex Med. 1996 May;92(5):61-3.
Emergency contraception, a method whose time has come: an update.
Brown HP.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78284-7836, USA.
Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health problem in the United States. Emergency contraception has the potential to significantly decrease the incidence. The Yuzpe regimen is highly effective but woefully underutilized. Mechanisms of action of hormonal emergency contraception will be discussed as well as appropriate indications for use, patient counseling issues, and future methods.
PIP: Unplanned pregnancy is a major public health problem in the United States. Emergency contraception has the potential to significantly decrease the incidence. The Yuzpe regimen is highly effective but woefully underutilized. Mechanisms of action of hormonal emergency contraception will be discussed as well as appropriate indications for use, patient counseling issues, and future methods.The Yuzpe regimen is a safe and effective postcoital contraceptive. It succeeds in preventing pregnancy in 98% of cases when used correctly. The Yuzpe regimen consists of taking 2 oral contraceptive (OC) pills containing 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol (EE) and 0.5 mg norgestrel (Ovral) within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse and repeated once 12 hours later. Other brand name OCs that can be used include LoOvral, Nordette, Levlen and the yellow pills only of Triphasil and Tri-Levlen (each of these yellow pills contains 0.03 mg EE and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel). Since unintended pregnancy still occurs at high levels in the US, increased use of emergency contraception could reduce the unintended pregnancy rate. The current US unintended pregnancy rate is a great public health problem. Improved availability, more extensive prospective discussion, and greater utilization of emergency contraception could play significant roles in preventing unplanned and unwanted pregnancies. More extensive use of emergency contraception could decrease the number of elective abortions performed annually. Health providers should include emergency contraception into their regular reproductive health care discussions and counseling with patients. Possible future methods of emergency contraception include other progestin-containing OCs, levonorgestrel alone, and pristone. The US Food and Drug Administration does not approve of the OCs used in the Yuzpe regimen for emergency contraception purposes. The cost and effort for new drug application and the unlikelihood of respectable profits probably explain why pharmaceutical manufacturers have not submitted emergency contraception for approval for use.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8775852&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Contracept Technol Update. 1988 Oct;9(10):117-20.
How effective are low-dose triphasics when pills are missed?
[No authors listed]
PIP: There is very little hard data on the effectiveness of low-dose triphasic oral contraceptives when a pill is missed. The only relevant study (from the Netherlands) showed that triphasic pills had 39 failures as opposed to an expected 19.4. In 2 triphasics, Ortho Novum 7/7/7 and Syntex's Tri-Norinyl, the lowest dose is no lower than in their regular low-dose pills; and therefore, the risk of pregnancy from missing a pill should be no greater than that from missing a low-dose monophasic. However, for Wyeth's Triphasil and Berlex's Tri-Levlen the phase 1 dosage of progestin and ethinyl estradiol is much lower than for monophasics. The fact is that there are no recent, longterm studies of the failure rate with triphasics, and it is even doubtful whether the increased risk from missing 1 pill could be statistically detected.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12282036&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
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