Drugs online research references
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Feb;154(2):440-4.
Opioid regulation of pituitary gonadotropins and prolactin in women using oral contraceptives.
Snowden EU, Khan-Dawood FS, Dawood MY.
To determine the effect of oral contraceptives on endogenous opioid modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, we gave a bolus dose of 10 mg of naloxone intravenously in women using Lo/Ovral-28 oral contraceptives and in normal (control) women during the follicular (days 8 to 9) and luteal (days 21 to 23) phases. Plasma follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassay before and after naloxone at regular intervals. In oral contraceptive users (n = 5) basal plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (3.7 +/- 0.4 mIU/ml) and luteinizing hormone (3.2 +/- 0.5 mIU/ml) levels were significantly lower than in control subjects during both follicular (10.7 +/- 0.9 and 16.7 +/- 2.0) and luteal (7.7 +/- 1.4 and 10.0 +/- 0.9, respectively) phases (p less than 0.05 to 0.001). In contrast the basal plasma prolactin level was significantly higher in oral contraceptive users (25.0 +/- 4.1 ng/ml) than in control subjects during the follicular (11.8 +/- 1.2) and luteal (11.0 +/- 0.8) phases (p less than 0.01). In control subjects, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin levels did not change significantly after naloxone in the follicular phase, but naloxone elicited a significant synchronous release of luteinizing hormone and prolactin during the luteal phase. In contrast, oral contraceptive users showed increases in luteinizing hormone and prolactin after naloxone that were not significantly different from the basal plasma levels.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3080893&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Contraception. 1986 Nov;34(5):435-42.
Evaluation of a new triphasic oral contraceptive in private practice.
Ellsworth HS, Ayerst RI, Harris JW, Stone RA, Anderson AE 3rd, Jones TL, Curtis MK.
We evaluated the clinical and metabolic effects of a new triphasic regimen developed in the continuing attempt to reduce the dose of estrogen and progestogen in oral contraceptives. A combination of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNg) was used (six tablets with 30 micrograms EE + 50 micrograms LNg, five tablets with 40 micrograms EE + 75 micrograms LNg, and 10 tablets with 30 micrograms EE + 125 micrograms LNg), also known as Triphasil (Wyeth). In a private practice, 409 subjects participated in 7,286 treatment cycles. Three pregnancies occurred, all due to subject failure. Menstrual regulation was excellent and the incidence of side effects extremely low. Withdrawals from the study for possibly drug-related medical reasons totaled 9.0% through 56 cycles of treatment. Metabolic changes also were evaluated in 14 of these women over a 6-month period. The only statistically significant increase in carbohydrate values occurred at 6 months. The mean glucose level at 30 minutes of the oral glucose tolerance test was above the baseline mean value, but serum insulin levels showed no statistically significant deviation. Lipid values presented are total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alpha-, beta-, and pre-beta-lipoproteins, and high density and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values at baseline and those during treatment for any lipid variable. These results indicate that this triphasic oral contraceptive has a high degree of efficacy, a low incidence of side effects, excellent cycle control, and high subject compliance, and would seem to indicate a minimal influence on the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates in the small number of subjects studied.
PIP: We evaluated the clinical and metabolic effects of a new triphasic regimen developed in the continuing attempt to reduce the dose of estrogen and progestogen in oral contraceptives. A combination of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNg) was used (6 tablets with 30 microgram EE + 50 microgram LNg, 5 tablets with 40 microgram EE + 75 microgram LNg, and 10 tablets with 30 microgram EE + 125 microgram LNg), also known as Triphasil (Weyth). In a private practice, 409 subjects participated in 7,286 treatment cycles. 3 pregnancies occurred, all due to subject failure. Menstrual regulation was excellent and the incidence of side effects extremely low. Withdrawals from the study for possibly drug-related medical reasons totaled 9.0% through 56 cycles of treatment. Metabolic changes also were evaluated in 14 of these women over a 6-month period. The only statistically significant increase in carbohydrate values occurred at 6 months. The mean glucose level at 30 minutes of the oral glucose tolerance test was above the baseline value, but serum insulin levels showed on statistically significant deviation. Lipid values presented are total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, alpha-,beta, and pre-beta-lipoproteins, and high density and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean values at baseline and those during treatment for any lipid variable. These results indicate that this triphasic oral contraceptive has a high degree of efficacy, a low incidence of side effects, excellent cycle control, and high subject compliance, and would seem to indicate a minimal influence on the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates in the small number of subjects studied. author's modified
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3102161&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Contraception. 1986 Nov;34(5):513-22.
The effect of deliberate omission of Trinordiol or Microgynon on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis.
Smith SK, Kirkman RJ, Arce BB, McNeilly AS, Loudon NB, Baird DT.
The effect of deliberate omission of a phased formulation pill, Trinordiol (ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms + levonorgestrel 50 micrograms: 6 tablets; ethinyl estradiol 40 micrograms + levonorgestrel 75 micrograms: 5 tablets; ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms + levonorgestrel 125 micrograms: 10 tablets) or a low-dose, combined, oral contraceptive pill, Microgynon (ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms + levonorgestrel 150 micrograms: 21 tablets) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis were studied. Thirty-six women were recruited to the study and divided equally between the two types of pill. Medication was begun on the 8th pill-free day of the cycle and continued for 7 days (Group 1), 14 days (Group 2) or 21 days (Group 3). Levels of FSH, LH, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in plasma on alternate days during the final week of pill therapy, and daily for the 7 days after stopping the pill. For the first 2 weeks of pill therapy, follicular activity, as judged by plasma levels of E2, was greater in women taking Trinordiol than in those taking Microgynon, but was similar in both groups by the third week of pill treatment. Five women taking Trinordiol (2 in Group 1 and 3 in Group 2) had plasma levels of E2 in excess of 500 pmol/l whilst taking the pills, and only 1 patient achieved this degree of follicular activity after stopping the tablets. One woman who had taken 7 days of Trinordiol (Group 1) showed a rise of plasma levels of P to 6.8 nmol/l, but luteinization did not occur in any of the remaining 35 women who took Trinordiol or Microgynon. These findings suggest that follicular activity is less completely suppressed by Trinordiol than Microgynon, at least in the first 2 weeks of pill therapy, but that normal ovulation is still a rare event in the week after cessation of either of these pills, even if only 7 days of medication have been taken.
PIP: The effect of deliberate omission of a phased formulation pill, Trinordiol (ethinyl estradiol 30 microgram + levonorgestrel 50 microgram: 6 tablets; ethinyl estradiol 40 microgram + levonorgestrel 75 microgram: 5 tablets; ethinyl estradiol 30 microgram + levonorgestrel 125 microgram: 10 tablets) or a low-dose, combined, oral contraceptive pill, Microgynon (ethinyl estradiol 30 microgram + levonorgestrel 150 microgram: 21 tablets) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis were studied. 36 women were recruited to the study and divided equally between the 2 types of pill. Medication was begun on the 8th pill-free day of the cycle and continued for 7 days (Group 1), 14 days (Group 2) or 21 days (Group 3). Levels of FSH, LH, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in plasma on alternate days during the final week of pill therapy, and daily for the 7 days after stopping the pill. For the 1st 2 weeks of pill therapy, follicular activity, as judged by plasma levels of E2, was greater in women taking Trinordiol than in those taking Microgynon, but was similar in both groups by the 3rd week of pill treatment. 5 women taking Trinordiol (2 in Group 1 and 3 in Group 2) had plasma levels of E2 in excess of 500 pmol/l whilst taking the pills, but this level of follicular activity was maintained in only 3 of these women in the 7 "pill-free" days. None of the women taking Microgynon had levels of E2 above 500 pmol/l whilst taking the pills and only 1 patient achieved this degree of follicular activity after stopping the tablets. 1 woman who had taken 7 days of Trinordiol (Group 1) showed a rise of plasma levels of P to 6.8 nmol/l, but luteinization did not occur in any of the remaining 35 women who took Trinordiol or Microgynon. These findings suggest that follicular activity is less completely suppressed by Trinordiol than Microgynon, at least in the 1st 2 weeks of pill therapy, but that normal ovulation is still a rare event in the week after cessation of either of these pills, even if only 7 days of medication have been taken. author's modified
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3102162&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
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