Drugs online research references
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987 Jan;156(1):199-203.
Divergent effects of two low-dose oral contraceptives on sex hormone-binding globulin and free testosterone.
Jung-Hoffmann C, Kuhl H.
The effect of a triphasic combination of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel on the serum concentrations of total testosterone, free testosterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin as measured directly by radioimmunoassay and on the binding capacity of sex hormone-binding globulin was compared with that of a preparation containing ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel. Blood samples were taken on days 6, 11, 21, and 28 of a control cycle, the third cycle of treatment with either ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel or ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel (11 volunteers each), the third cycle of a 3-month washout period, and the third treatment cycle after crossover change of the preparations. There was a significant reduction in total testosterone by 16% during treatment with both preparations. Ethinyl estradiol-desogestrel increased the concentration (+175%) and binding capacity (+330%) of sex hormone-binding globulin to a much greater extent than with ethinyl estradiol-levonorgestrel (+92% and +160%). Contrary to this, a significant suppression of non-protein-bound testosterone by 35% was found during treatment with both oral contraceptives. The results demonstrate that an excessive elevation of the levels of sex hormone-binding globulin above the normal range does not cause a corresponding suppression of free testosterone. It is assumed that the decrease in the apparent binding affinity of high sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations to testosterone may be due to protein-protein interactions.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2948387&dopt=Abstract
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Curr Med Res Opin. 1987;10(8):503-13.
Multi-centre open study of a triphasic levonorgestrel-ethinyloestradiol combined oral contraceptive ('Trinordiol').
Butler AJ, Green A, Cohen M.
Medical Department, Wyeth Laboratories, Taplow, Maidenhead, England.
A long-term, multi-centre open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, cycle control and side-effects with a triphasic, combined oral contraceptive containing levonorgestrel and ethinyloestradiol ('Trinordiol'). A total of 2517 women completing at least 1 cycle of treatment was followed up at 2 to 3-monthly intervals; the overall number of cycles on treatment was 37,090. During treatment, only 2 pregnancies occurred which were attributable to pill failure. Cycle control was good: cycle irregularities were 9.6% overall, but were most common (19.6%) during the first 3 cycles. Only 3.8% of patients withdrew from the study for this reason. Side-effects were those commonly seen with oral contraceptives, and they produced a drop-out rate of only 13.9%. There were no clinically significant effects on blood pressure or body weight. The results also suggested that 'Trinordiol' has a beneficial effect on pre-existing acne.
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Akush Ginekol (Mosk). 1988 Aug;(8):50-4.
[Morphofunctional and cytologic characteristics of the endocervix with the use of oral contraceptives]
[Article in Russian]
Shakhlamova MN.
PIP: Morphofunctional and ultrastructural characteristics of endocervical mucosa were examined for 66 women in their reproductive age prior to and during the use of triphasic oral contraceptives. This type of contraception represents a highly effective method of preventing pregnancy and does not appear to have any negative impact on liver function and the hemostatic system. After 6-12 months' usage, it was discovered that ectopic frequency increased and a that a changed colposcopic appearance of the vaginal section of the cervix uteri occurred, similar to its condition during pregnancy. In the study 15 (23%) of the women noticed large amounts of mucous leukorrhea. The ingestion of triphasic oral contraceptives was accompanied by an increased frequency of planocellular metaplasia and reserve-cell hyperplasia. The development of various types of endocervical hyperplasia may also occur, however with much less frequency (14%). Clinical and histochemical findings were underpinned in more detail by the ultrastructure of different cells in the mucous canal of the cervix uteri. It is possible that the secretory and goblet-like cells that were discovered are related to 1 type of secreted cells passing through various secretory stages. The ultrastructure of the cells in the hyperplastic areas is characterized by an activated functioning of all organellae and, correspondingly, by a hypersecretion of mucous. Moreover, dystrophic cells may develop whose ultrastructure demonstrate the impairment of their proper functioning.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3057930&dopt=Abstract
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