Drugs online research references
J Reprod Med. 1985 Nov;30(11):857-63.
Fertility after conservative treatment of endometriosis.
Kable WT 3rd, Yussman MA.
The charts of 128 infertile patients with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis for the seven years ending in June 1980 were reviewed. The patients were staged according to the American Fertility Society classification. All couples underwent semen analysis, endometrial biopsy, postcoital testing and hysterosalpingography. Life-table analysis was used to evaluate the different treatment modalities. An unexpected finding was that 9 of 17 patients (52%) who declined therapy after laparoscopy conceived, for a monthly fecundity of 0.03. The most common associated infertility factor was a poor postcoital test (in 23%). Fourteen of the 29 patients with a poor postcoital test (48%) conceived after treatment of their endometriosis, for a monthly fecundity of 0.02.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2934549&dopt=Abstract
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J Reprod Med. 1986 Jun;31(6 Suppl):551-6.
Oral contraceptives and blood coagulation.
Bonnar J, Sabra AM.
In discussing the possible vascular complications of oral contraception, one must differentiate between venous and arterial effects. Different estrogen-progestogen combinations have different effects on the hemostatic system.
PIP: Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (OCs) have been shown in numerous studies to increase the risk of venous thromboembolic disease, myocardial infarction, and thrombotic stroke. Until recently, it has been assumed that the increased risk of vascular disease was attributable to the estrogen component of the OC. However, available evidence suggests that venous thromboembolic complications are determined by the estrogen component, whereas arterial complications may be due to both the estrogenic and progestogenic components. The authors investigated the comparative effect of different low-dose combined OCs on the hemostatic system. The effects of ethinyl estradiol on coagulation fibrinolysis and platelet function were found to be dose-related: 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol produced significantly greater changes than 30 mcg, and the effects of 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol were modified by the progestogen used. Further studies compared 50 mcg and 30 mcg estrogen contraceptives and a triphasic formulation containing levonorgestrel. Again, changes in coagulation activity and fibrinolysis were related to the dose of estrogen and progestogen. The absence of significant changes in antithrombin III with monophasic and triphasic levonorgestrel suggests that levonorgestrel counteracts the action of estrogen in depressing this coagulation inhibitor. The fewest changes in coagulation factors and inhibitors occurred among women taking low-dose estrogen combined with levonorgestrel, indicating that progestogen used in combination modifies the estrogenic effects on the coagulation system. Current research is aimed at finding estrogen-progestogen combinations that produce fewer changes in the hemostatic system and in other metabolic processes. The combination of low-dose ethinyl estradiol with levonorgestrel in a triphasic preparation should reduce the risk of vascular complications and contribute to the safety of OCs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2941571&dopt=Abstract
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Contraception. 1986 Apr;33(4):385-94.
A comparative study of the metabolic effects of injectable and oral contraceptives.
Liew DF, Ng CS, Heng SH, Ratnam SS.
The metabolic effects of an injectable contraceptive, Depo-provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate), an oral contraceptive pill containing 50 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 500 micrograms norgestrel and a control group (not on contraceptives) were compared in 3 groups, each comprising 32 women. The subjects were matched for race, age and parity. Mean duration of treatment was 41.7 +/- 18.3 months for Depo-provera and 59.6 +/- 29.0 months for the pill group. Glucose tolerance was impaired in both treatment groups. The combination pill showed more changes in both glucose tolerance and insulin response. Lipid levels remained unchanged in both treatment groups.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2942334&dopt=Abstract
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