Drugs online research references
Int J Fertil. 1988;33 Suppl:27-34.
Effects of oral contraceptives on the borderline NIDD patient.
Shoupe D, Kjos S.
University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
With oral contraceptives (OCs), estrogen and progestogen doses, as well as the type of progestogen used, seem to directly affect glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Other factors that influence these parameters are a patient's weight and age, family history of diabetes, and previous gestational diabetes. In normal-weight women with previous gestational diabetes, low-dose OCs do not appear to directly affect glucose tolerance, plasma insulin levels, or insulin binding to monocytes. This paper reports the initial data from a study employing low-dose OC formulations in obese patients with a history of either Class A1 or A2 gestational diabetes. Although results are preliminary, they do suggest that Ovcon 35, a low-dose norethindrone-containing OC, may be safe in Class A1 diabetics; in Class A2 diabetics, Ovcon 35 is associated with significantly less change in oral glucose tolerance at 3 months than is the triphasic Triphasil.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2908038&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Arteriosclerosis. 1989 Mar-Apr;9(2):261-8.
Contraceptive steroid effects on lipids and lipoproteins in cynomolgus monkeys.
Parks JS, Pelkey SJ, Babiak J, Clarkson TB.
Department of Comparative Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.
Seventy-three adult female cynomolgus monkeys fed an atherogenic diet were studied to determine the effect of two different combination contraceptive steroid preparations containing equivalent amounts of estrogen but different progestin components on plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Our hypothesis was that any high density lipoprotein (HDL) lowering effect of the contraceptive steroid preparations was proportional to the rise in total serum cholesterol caused by the progestins. For 2 years, one group (Ovral [Wyeth Laboratories], n = 23) received 75 micrograms norgestrel and 7.5 micrograms ethinyl estradiol daily, while another (Demulen [Searle & Co.], n = 25) received 150 micrograms ethynodiol diacetate and 7.5 micrograms ethinyl estradiol daily. The control group (n = 24) received no treatment. On average, the two oral contraceptive groups had higher total serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations but lower HDL cholesterol concentrations and smaller low density lipoproteins (LDL) compared with the control group. There was an inverse relationship between total serum cholesterol and HDL cholesterol for all three groups, but at any given total serum cholesterol concentration between 350 and 500 mg/dl, the Ovral group had HDL cholesterol concentrations that averaged 37% and 14% lower than the control and Demulen groups, respectively. The decrease in HDL concentrations with oral contraceptive treatment was associated with a sharp decrease in (HDL2b)gge protein (82% for Ovral and 59% for Demulen) and a corresponding increase in (HDL3b,c)gge protein as determined by gradient gel electrophoresis. Of 23 animals in the Ovral group, six had HDL subfractions greater than 10 nm diameter (HDL2b)gge compared with 22 of 24 animals in the control group. Although LDL size, on average, was smaller and plasma triglycerides were greater with oral contraceptive treatment compared with controls, there was no apparent relationship between LDL size and plasma triglyceride concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2923583&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Contraception. 1985 Jul;32(1):97-107.
A randomized cross-over comparison of two low-dose oral contraceptives upon hormonal and metabolic serum parameters: II. Effects upon thyroid function, gastrin, STH, and glucose tolerance.
Kuhl H, Gahn G, Romberg G, Althoff PH, Taubert HD.
The effect of a low-dose triphasic oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (EE/NG) upon thyroid function and some other biochemical serum parameters was compared to that of a preparation containing EE and desogestrel (EE/DG). Blood samples were taken on Day 6, 11, 21, and 28 of a control cycle and of the third cycle of treatment with either the EE/NG or EE/DG preparation (11 volunteers each). After a washout period of 3 months, the contraceptives were changed in a cross-over fashion. Blood samples were again taken on Day 6, 11, 21, and 28 of the third washout cycle and the third treatment cycle. There was a significant increase (13%) in basal glucose level during treatment with both OC, but no change in glucose tolerance. Both the EE/NG and FE/DG preparation elevated serum T4 (40%), FT4 (15-22%), T3 (17-28%), and TBG (20%) significant, whereby the effect was more pronounced during the second treatment period after washing-out. The effective thyroxine ratio (ETR) was slightly (4%) but significantly increased. Contrary to this, the levels of FT3, reverse T3 (rT3), TSH, and gastrin were not altered. STH showed great individual fluctuations, but was significantly elevated by 50% during treatment with both OC. There was no effect of endogenous estradiol upon thyroid or other parameter, even though it was raised considerably in some women under OC. Although the increase in T4 and T3 is probably due to a rise in estrogen-induced TBG production, the data seem to indicate that there is a slight but effective stimulation of thyroid function during treatment with low-dose OC.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2932299&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
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