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BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to probe the existence of oral contraceptive (OC)-induced psychological side effects that might be undetectable by psychometric testing. METHODS: Triphasil was administered during six complete menstrual cycles to young never-OC-users. Plasma Tyr and Trp/Sigma-respective competitor neutral amino acids (NAA) ratio and concentrations of other amino acids (AA), known to be involved in the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) and the synthesis of neurotransmitters, in particular, were used as biochemical markers to assess this likelihood. Factors known to influence plasma AA concentrations such as cortisol and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, active form of vitamin B6), both modulators of AA intestinal absorption, were examined. RESULTS: Dietary supply of amino acid substrates (precursors) and blood levels of coenzyme/cofactor (vitamin B6 and iron) involved were adequate in both groups and were kept constant throughout the treatment. The rise in plasma cortisol, known to be stimulated under the action of estrogen, was significant (p < 0.05) after the first menstrual cycle and remained higher (although not significantly) than mean baseline and reference normal values at the end of the 6-month OC treatment. Plasma Trp/Sigma-specific competitor NAA ratio remained unchanged whereas Tyr/Sigma-specific competitor NAA ratio was significantly (p < 0.02) reduced after the sixth artificial menstrual cycle. CONCLUSION: Although plasma AA biochemical markers cannot accurately assess CNS activity, they seem to be more sensitive than a comprehensive psychometric testing (MMPI) in assessing OC-induced psychological changes. Copyright 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11423701&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Zentralbl Gynakol. 1991;113(13):783-7.
[Inter- and intra-individual variability of pharmacokinetic parameters for contraceptive steroids]
[Article in German]
Carol W, Klinger G, Jager R, Kasch R, Michels W.
Klinik fur Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena.
Serum levels of ethinylestradiol (E2) and levonorgestrel (LNG) have been determined in 10 volunteers of similar age after administration of 1 tablet of the oral contraceptives Gravistat and Ediwal, respectively, each containing 0.05 mg E2 and 0.125 mg LNG, using a cross over design. The studies were carried out at intervals of 4 weeks, within the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and under standardized conditions. Wide variations were observed between the women in the calculated pharmacokinetic parameters, while there was a relatively close correspondence between the intra-individually obtained values, except for one case.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1927130&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
Ther Hung. 1990;38(4):181-5.
The relationship between vascular headaches and low-dose oral contraceptives.
Karsay K.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Municipal Hospital Outpatient Clinic, Karcag.
The relationship between migraineous headaches and the use of low-dose oral contraceptives, the monophasic Rigevidon and the biphasic Anteovin, has been examined. In the examined cases Anteovin of higher oestrogen content provoked more vascular cephalalgias than Rigevidon with it's lower oestrogen content. In one part of the cases both pills even had therapeutic effects. According to the opinion of the author classical migraine means a relative contra-indication of hormonal contraception and is a serious adverse effect requiring the discontinuance of oral contraception. The headaches develop during the adaptational period of oral contraception and the migraineous attacks occur in the premenstrual period or at the beginning of menstruation which refer to an oestrogen withdrawal character. It may be supposed that vasoconstriction of certain extent, which has existed during the use of the pills, changes over to relative vasodilatation in this period and the extent of the changes is dependent on the oestreogen content of the tablets.
PIP: This article reports on a study concerning the relationship between migraine headaches and the use of the low-dose oral contraceptives Rigevidon and Anteovin. The objective was to examine how hormonal contraception influences vascular headaches and to what extent does it provoke such complaints. The study involved 138 and 441 women taking Rigevidon and Anteovin, respectively, 7.9-10.1% of whom already suffered from migraine headaches before taking the pill. Researchers observed the time of the development of the migrainous attack, its duration and intensity, and its course during each cycle. In the event of very intense headaches, the researchers changed the oral contraceptive to Ovidon or Continuin, or discontinued treatment (treatment was also discontinued in cases of increases in blood pressure). Of the women already suffering from headaches prior to taking the oral contraceptives, most of them suffered from a typical menstrual migraines caused by premenstrual syndrome which lasted for 2-4 days. The study found that the women on Rigevidon were less likely to suffer from vascular headaches than the women on Anteovin. While Anteovin caused classic migraine headaches on 0.98% of the women and atypical migraine headaches on 2.3% for the women, the figures were only 0.7% and 1.4% for women on Rigevidon. Researchers attribute these differences to the fact that Anteovin has a higher oestrogen content than Rigevidon. While the study does not explain the correlation between low-dose oral contraceptives and vascular headaches, it does point out the risk associated with oestrogen.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2094059&dopt=Abstract
word match triphasil online literature
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