Drugs online research references
Int Urol Nephrol. 2001;32(3):423-32.
Efficacy and tolerability of drugs for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Dutkiewics S.
Department of Urology, Central Clinical Hospital, Health Administration of the Capital, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Warsaw, Poland.
It has long been recognised that neural factors are of considerable importance in lower urinary tract function. Whilst reduction in the bulk of the human prostate is feasible, experience on this therapeutic approach proved to be disappointing. Existing trial data with the agent finasteride are reviewed. A number of formulations derived from plant extracts have been advocated but their mechanism of action remain largely obscure and there is a dearth of placebo controlled information to support their efficacy. Experience over the last 10 years has demonstrated efficacy with the use of alpha adrenoceptor blockade in the management of BPH. Alpha adrenoceptor antagonists relax the prostatic smooth muscle by interrupting the sympathetic pathway at the receptor level. Recent developments in this field include the recognition that there are alpha I adrenoceptor subtypes. The functional adrenoceptor in the human prostate is predominantly the alpha IA - subtype. Of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists only tamsulosin discriminates between the alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes. Alpha 1-blockers should be used in first-line medical therapy for BPH and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors reserved for those patients in whom alpha-blocker therapy fails. Alpha I-blockers such as doxazosin, tamsulosin, terazosin, alfuzosin are effective in the treatment of BPH both in younger and in older men. The drugs are well tolerated. The majority of side effects were classified as minor and mild. The most common complaints, as with other alpha-blockers, are dizziness, fatigue and headache, and these are often transient. In contrast, finasteride can lead to impotence, reduced libido. gynaecomastia or ejaculatory disorders. Men with small prostates may not be suitable candidates for finasteride therapy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11583366&dopt=Abstract
infovia.com.ar
BACKGROUND: The possible participation of endogenous islet catecholamines (CAs) in the control of insulin secretion was tested. METHODS: Glucose-induced insulin secretion was measured in the presence of 3-Iodo-L-Tyrosine (MIT), a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-hydroxylase activity, in fresh and precultured islets isolated from normal rats. Incubated islets were also used to measure CAs release in the presence of low and high glucose, and the effect of alpha2-(yohimbine [Y] and idazoxan [I]) and alpha1-adrenergic antagonists (prazosin [P] and terazosin [T]) upon insulin secretion elicited by high glucose. RESULTS: Fresh islets incubated with 16.7 mM glucose released significantly more insulin in the presence of 1 &mgr;M MIT (6.66 +/- 0.39 vs 5.01 +/- 0.43 ng/islet/h, p < 0.02), but did not affect significantly the insulin response to low glucose. A similar enhancing effect of MIT upon insulin secretion was obtained using precultured islets devoid of neural cells, but absolute values were lower than those from fresh islets, suggesting that MIT inhibits islet rather than neural tyrosine hydroxylase. CAs concentration in the incubation media of fresh isolated islets was significantly higher in the presence of 16.7 than 3.3 mM glucose: dopamine 1.67 +/- 0.13 vs 0.69 +/- 0.13 pg/islet/h, p < 0.001, and noradrenaline 1.25 +/- 0.17 vs 0.49 +/- 0.04 pg/islet/h, p < 0.02. Y and I enhanced the release of insulin elicited by 16.7 mM glucose while P and T decreased such secretion. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that islet-originated CAs directly modulate insulin release in a paracrine manner.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11696250&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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