Drugs online research references
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1993 Apr;44(4):769-75.
Discriminative stimulus properties of NIK-247 and tetrahydroaminoacridine, centrally active cholinesterase inhibitors, in rats.
Yamamoto T, Ohno M, Sugimachi K, Ueki S.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
The discriminative stimulus effect of the novel centrally active cholinesterase inhibitor, NIK-247, was investigated in rats and compared with that of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA). Rats were trained to discriminate either 10 mg/kg NIK-247 or 1.8 mg/kg THA from saline in a two-lever food-reinforced procedure. The stimulus effect of NIK-247 was substituted for by the cholinesterase inhibitors, THA and physostigmine. The THA stimulus was substituted for by NIK-247 and physostigmine. The muscarinic receptor agonist arecoline substituted for the NIK-247 and THA stimuli. Both stimulus effects of NIK-247 and THA were blocked by the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine. The dopaminergic-activating drugs amantadine and lisuride substituted for the stimulus effects of NIK-247 and THA. However, neither the NIK-247 nor the THA stimulus was antagonized by the dopamine antagonists haloperidol, SCH 23390, and sulpiride. These results suggest that the discriminative stimulus effects of NIK-247 and THA are mediated by muscarinic receptors, and that the dopaminergic activity resulting from cholinergic activation may account for some part of both stimuli.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8469688&dopt=Abstract
Neuropharmacology. 1987 Jul;26(7A):761-70.
Cerebral activating properties of indeloxazine hydrochloride.
Yamamoto M, Shimizu M.
The cerebral-activating properties of indeloxazine hydrochloride [(+/-)-2-[(inden-7-yloxy) methyl]morpholine hydrochloride, YM-08054] were examined in comparison with those of calcium hopantenate (a cerebral metabolic enhancer), dihydroergotoxine (a cerebral vasodilator), viloxazine and amitriptyline (antidepressants). Indeloxazine enhanced the acquisition of learned behavior (passive avoidance, active avoidance and maze learning) and desynchronized the spontaneous EEG in rats. Amnesia in scopolamine-treated rats, disturbances of consciousness in concussed mice and synchronized EEG in rabbits with lesions of the internal capsule were improved by the administration of indeloxazine. Calcium hopantenate and dihydroergotoxine also showed cerebral-activating properties in the majority of behavioral and electroencephalographic paradigms; however neither improved scopolamine-induced amnesia and calcium hopantenate had no effects on learning. Neither viloxazine nor amitriptyline enhanced the acquisition of learned behavior. The results indicate that indeloxazine possesses activating effects on cerebral functions, including learning and the EEG, and that the pharmacological profile of indeloxazine is wider than those of dihydroergotoxine and calcium hopantenate in cerebral-activating activity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3627384&dopt=Abstract
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980;70(3):247-54.
Supersensitivity to apomorphine in experimentally induced hypokinesia and drug-induced modifications of the apomorphine response.
Voith K.
The development and degree of supersensitivity to the locomotor stimulant effect of apomorphine were studied in rats which had been rendered hypokinetic by bilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the anterolateral hypothalamus. Up to 2 days after surgery the effect of apomorphine was comparable in lesioned and normal rats, indicating that dopaminergic supersensitivity did not develop over this short period. As the duration between the 6-hydroxydopamine injections and time of testing with apomorphine increased, the animals became progressively more sensitive to the stimulant effects of apomorphine. Pretreatment with butaclamol reduced the effect of apomorphine in a dose-dependent manner. A high dose of clozapine also antagonized the effect of apomorphine, but a low dose potentiated it. No inhibition was observed following administration of the alpha-adrenergic antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, or the beta-adrenergic antagonist, propranolol. The 5HT antagonist methysergide and the anticholinergic drug, scopolamine potentiated the effects of apomorphine.l These studies suggest that the apomorphine-induced ambulation in hypokinetic rats is primarily mediated through dopaminergic mechanisms but both serotonergic and cholinergic mechanisms exert modulating influences.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6777797&dopt=Abstract
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Wellstreet online pharmacy for click-order prescription medications ||
Altace Online Pharmacy ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Insurance plans and information ||
Insurance policies for all purposes ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||