Drugs online research references
Brain Res. 1987 Sep 22;421(1-2):280-90.
Modulation of memory processing by neuropeptide Y.
Flood JF, Hernandez EN, Morley JE.
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Hospital, Sepulveda, CA 91343.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide which occurs in high concentrations in the amygdala and the hippocampus. The studies reported here demonstrate that administration of porcine NPY into the third ventricle of the brain enhanced memory retention for T-maze footshock avoidance and step-down passive avoidance training in mice. Human NPY at 5 micrograms enhanced retention but the inactive free acid form for NPY did not. NPY at 5 micrograms administered subcutaneously did not enhance retention. Post-training administration of NPY produced a dose-dependent, inverted U-shaped dose-response curve for retention of both passive and active avoidance conditioning. NPY enhanced retention in a time-dependent manner. NPY was also found to alleviate the amnesia caused by anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, and scopolamine, an anticholinergic. Pre-test administration of NPY improved recall but did not affect acquisition. These data support the concept that NPY is a modulator of memory processes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3690274&dopt=Abstract
Farmakol Toksikol. 1988 Jul-Aug;51(4):29-31.
[The role of cholinergic processes in realizing the analgesic effect of GABA-positive preparations]
[Article in Russian]
Ignatov IuD, Andreev BV.
In experiments on male rats it was shown that scopolamine diminished while pilocarpine and physostigmine potentiated the antinociceptive effect of baclofen, gamma-acetylenic-GABA, THIP and depakine. At the same time the antinociceptive effect of pilocarpine virtually underwent no changes in baclofen- and depakine-tolerant animals. The results suggest that the cholinergic processes may be involved in GABAergic antinociception but not in the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effect of GABA-positive drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3191968&dopt=Abstract
Anesthesiology. 1976 Oct;45(4):406-12.
Amnesic actions of diazepam and scopolamine in man.
Frumin MJ, Herekar VR, Jarvik ME.
In man, diazepam alone and in combination with scopolamine interferes with the memory of visual and painful stimuli. With a 15-minute interval between injection of the drug and the showing of emotionally neutral pictures, scopolamine (0.5 mg/70 kg) produces 14 per cent forgetting when evaluated 24 hours later. Under these conditions diazepam (10 mg/70 kg) produces 41 per cent forgetting, while the combination causes 64 per cent. Under conditions designed to insure selection of subjects in whom registration was clearly quite intact at the time of the initial exposure to the pictures, memory was still found to be impaired when tested 24 hours later. Graded doses of diazepam to as much as mg/70 kg in combination with 0.5 mg/70 kg scopolamine produced a virtually linear dose-response curve for amnesia. These results are compatible with the interpretation that the diazepam-scopolamine mixture interferes with memory by blocking consolidation of the memory trace.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=973692&dopt=Abstract
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