Drugs online research references
Am J Vet Res. 1987 Dec;48(12):1733-5.
Effect of anticholinergic preanesthetic medicaments on the requirements of halothane for anesthesia in the cat.
Webb AI, McMurphy RM.
Department of Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
To study the effects of anticholinergics on anesthetic requirements, minimal alveolar concentrations (MAC) for halothane in the cat were measured before and after IM administration of an anticholinergic (atropine sulfate [0.045 mg/kg], glycopyrrolate [0.011 mg/kg], or scopolamine hydrobromide [0.02 mg/kg]) or a physiologic saline control. The study was performed in 8 adult cats, using a randomized-block experimental design. There was no significant difference between the mean MAC obtained before and after administration of any of the test drugs or vs the control values. The mean MAC of halothane in cats was 0.985% atmosphere.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3434920&dopt=Abstract
Neuroscience. 1993 Apr;53(4):993-1007.
Acetylcholine, theta-rhythm and activity of hippocampal neurons in the rabbit--IV. Sensory stimulation.
Vinogradova OS, Brazhnik ES, Kitchigina VF, Stafekhina VS.
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Puschino-on-Oka, Russia.
Modifications of responses of hippocampal neurons to sensory stimuli at the background of increased endogenous acetylcholine level (injection of physostigmine) and during blocking by scopolamine were analysed in the chronic alert rabbit. A significant decrease of reactivity (about 40%) of hippocampal neurons to sensory stimuli occurred after physostigmine injection, inducing stable theta modulation. Suppression and decrease of inhibitory responses (including initial reset phase) and of some excitatory reactions (including on-effects) were observed. However, a limited group of excitatory responses was augmented and prolonged under physostigmine action. Scopolamine, which blocked electroencephalogram theta-rhythm, did not change the responsiveness of hippocampal neurons. Some of the inhibitory and excitatory effects of sensory stimuli, especially on-responses, were strongly facilitated. Tonic responses were shorter, but they were stably reproduced without typical gradual habituation. All these effects were also present in the hippocampus after basal undercutting of the septum, which eliminates ascending brainstem input. It is suggested that under normal conditions a new or significant sensory stimulus evokes, in the hippocampus, an initial inhibitory reset of neuronal activity with subsequent coordinated triggering of rhythmic theta modulation by the septal input and arrival of the cortical input signal phase-locked to it. During the period of theta triggered by the stimulus, its processing and fixation in memory occurs, while the other, interfering stimuli, which are not phase-locked to the ongoing theta activity, are actively filtered out. Thus, septohippocampal interactions may participate in the organization of selective attention as a necessary condition for memory trace formation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8506032&dopt=Abstract
J Neurochem. 1993 Jul;61(1):266-72.
Nefiracetam (DM-9384) preserves hippocampal neural cell adhesion molecule-mediated memory consolidation processes during scopolamine disruption of passive avoidance training in the rat.
Doyle E, Regan CM, Shiotani T.
Department of Pharmacology, University College, Dublin, Ireland.
Scopolamine (0.15 mg/kg), a muscarinic antagonist, when administered during training or at a discrete 6-h posttraining time point, is demonstrated to inhibit the recall of a step-down passive avoidance response when tested at 24 and 48 h after task acquisition. Nefiracetam (3 mg/kg), a piracetam-related nootropic, when given with scopolamine during training tended to improve task recall, and this effect was more pronounced when given at the 6-h posttraining time. Co-administration of nefiracetam with scopolamine was not necessary to achieve the antiamnesic action, as nefiracetam given during training significantly improved the memory deficits produced by scopolamine at the 6-h posttraining time. The paradigm-specific increase in hippocampal neural cell adhesion molecule sialylation, which is observed during consolidation of a passive avoidance response, was attenuated by the presence of scopolamine during training and at the 6-h posttraining time, and this effect was reversed by co-administration of nefiracetam, albeit in a paradigm-independent manner. These results suggest nefiracetam exerts a neurotrophic action that protects memory consolidation from drug interventive insults.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8515273&dopt=Abstract
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