Drugs online research references
Physiol Behav. 1995 Mar;57(3):529-32.
Further evidence for the dissociation of locomotor activity and head dipping in rats.
Abel EL.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
Three studies were conducted to determine if ambulation and head-dipping behavior were differentially responsive to environmental or pharmacological variables. The first study showed that the presence of another animal in an adjacent box reduced head-dipping behavior but had no significant effect on ambulation. The second study showed that this effect was due to visual stimulation from the adjacent box. The third study showed that scopolamine affected head dipping but not ambulation. The conclusion is that ambulation and head dipping are different behaviors rather than different manifestations of the same behavior--exploration--and are, therefore, under the influence of different brain functions.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7753892&dopt=Abstract
Life Sci. 1994;55(17):1375-82.
Spatial and temporal distribution of cocaine and effects of pharmacological interventions: wholebody autoradiographic microimaging studies.
Som P, Oster ZH, Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Sacker DF.
Medical Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973.
Whole body timed distribution of pharmacological doses of 14C-cocaine was studied in rats using quantitative autoradiographic microimaging. Rapid, intense uptake was seen in the brain, spinal cord, adrenals and nuchal brown fat pad. Clearance of cocaine was fastest from the cerebellum. Cortex activity reached soft tissue activity within 20 min. Uptake in the heart and adrenals was very intense following the same time course as in the brain. Kidney activity increased gradually at the same time as in the liver, probably representing specific binding as well as an excretory pathway of cocaine. Desipramine decreased uptake in the heart and adrenals and a piperazine derivative (GBR 12909) caused decreased uptake in the brain, heart and adrenals. Scopolamine, pentobarbital and cold cocaine caused decreased uptake in all organs and increased uptake (excretion) in the liver. Thus, cocaine appears to bind in the brain to the dopamine transporter and to a lesser extent to transporters for norepinephrine and serotonin. In the heart cocaine binds to norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. The targeting of cocaine to specific organs and the time sequence correspond to the pharmacological effects of cocaine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7934644&dopt=Abstract
Neurosci Behav Physiol. 1989 Sep-Oct;19(5):387-92.
Mechanisms of memory disturbance during stages of memory acquisition and fixation.
Sprints AM.
Ministry of Public Health, Leningrad.
Using the conditioned response of passive avoidance in experiments on rats, we investigated the character of amnesias caused by scopolamine and ketamine. By varying the time intervals between training and testing and the time of injection of pharmacological agents, we show that blockade of M-cholinoreactive systems of the brain during injection of scopolamine has no effect upon memory acquisition but does disrupt the process of memory fixation, i.e., the transfer to long-term memory. At the same time, ketamine, a blocker of the ionic channels of the nicotinic receptor, disturbs the process of memory acquisition. Memory recall (reproduction) is impaired under the influence of both agents, but is impaired to a greater degree by ketamine. Piracetam, believed to be a universal anti-amnesic agent, attenuates the disturbance of fixation caused by scopolamine only; it does not attenuate ketamine amnesia.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2615946&dopt=Abstract
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