Drugs online research references
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1985 Aug;29(6):632-4.
Respiratory effects of premedication during enflurane N2O anaesthesia in children.
Sigurdsson GH.
The influence of premedication on induction characteristics and respiration was studied in 40 children breathing spontaneously during enflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Two different premedications were used. Twenty children (Group DA) received a rectal solution containing diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 and atropine 0.015 mg kg-1 and 20 (Group DMS) received a rectal solution of diazepam 0.5 mg kg-1, morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 and scopolamine 0.01 mg kg-1. The children in Group DMS had a significantly higher preoperative sedative score (P less than 0.01), faster induction of anaesthesia (P less than 0.01), lower occurrence of airway problems during induction and a smoother intubation (P less than 0.05) than the children in Group DA. However, the end-tidal carbon dioxide tensions were higher and the occurrence of apnoea was more common in Group DMS than in Group DA. Thus it was concluded that if the more sedative premedication (DMS) is to be used for enflurane anaesthesia in children, controlled ventilation would be preferable.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4061008&dopt=Abstract
Neuroscience. 1993 Apr;53(4):981-91.
Acetylcholine, theta-rhythm and activity of hippocampal neurons in the rabbit--III. Cortical input.
Vinogradova OS, Brazhnik ES, Stafekhina VS, Kitchigina VF.
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Puschino-on-Oka, Moscow Distr., Russia.
Cholinergic modulation of single cell responses and field potentials evoked in the hippocampus by electrical stimulation of the perforant path and mossy fibres was investigated in two groups of chronic unanesthetized rabbits--with intact hippocampus and with basally undercut septum (without ascending medial forebrain bundle afferents). In both groups of animals responses to stimulation were blocked or significantly depressed by i.v. physostigmine injection in many neurons (50% in the intact hippocampus and 69% in the hippocampus without medial forebrain bundle). In minor groups of neurons (10 and 8%, respectively), facilitation of responses was observed. Scopolamine restored initial responsiveness of hippocampal neurons and augmented effects of stimulation in some of them. The effect of physostigmine was reproduced by stimulation of the medial septum. Depressive influence of medial septal area stimulation was increased by physostigmine and blocked by scopolamine. Population spikes evoked by stimulation of the perforant path of the intact group were equally suppressed (by 43%) during sensory stimulation evoking natural theta, after physostigmine and after medial septal area stimulation. In the group of animals without medial forebrain bundle these influences resulted in a complete suppression of field potentials; scopolamine restored them. It is concluded that the main function of the septohippocampal cholinergic input consists of filtering out the signals appearing at the background of theta-rhythm triggered by a previous signal, thus preventing their interference with its processing and registration.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8506031&dopt=Abstract
Experientia. 1979 Nov 15;35(11):1430-1.
Effects of several preoperative medications on fat cell lipolysis, and activity of adipose tissue cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.
Curtis-Prior PB, Jenner M, Chan YH, McColl I.
Effects were examined of atropine, diazepam, pethidene, promethazine, scopolamine, omnopon and papaverine on basal and noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis in rat isolated fat cells and on rat adipose tissue cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. Papaverine at high concentration (1 mM) inhibited both basal and hormone-stimulated lipolysis, whereas diazepam enhanced basal lipolysis. At a 'clinical dose', omnopon increased both basal and noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis. Adipose tissue cAMP phosphodiesterase activity was strongly inhibited by 1 mM diazepam, papaverine, promethazine and omnopon (280 microgram ml-1). Lack of enhancement of lipolysis by the established cAMP phosphodiesterase antagonist papaverine, is compatible with simultaneous inhibition also of adipose adenyl cyclase. Diazepam-stimulated lipolysis is compatible with its phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity. It is proposed that papaverine-containing omnopon may offer some survival advantages during surgical stress by facilitating a caloric supply.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=228965&dopt=Abstract
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