Drugs online research references
Fiziol Zh SSSR Im I M Sechenova. 1988 Oct;74(10):1361-6.
[The mechanisms of memory disorders at the stages in its acquisition and fixation]
[Article in Russian]
Sprints AM.
The blockade of cholinergic system with scopolamine (10 mg/kg) did not impair the process of memory acquisition in rats but disrupted the process of memory fixation or consolidation, the disturbance stemming from the ketamine-blocked ion-channels of nicotinic receptors. Both scopolamine and ketamine impaired the process of memory recall, being more efficient in the case of ketamine. Piracetam (40 mg/kg) diminished the impair of fixation induced with scopolamine but did not affect the ketamine-induced impairment of memory acquisition.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3229517&dopt=Abstract
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1983 Jun;18(6):873-7.
Acquisition of brightness discrimination in the rat is impaired by opiates with psychotomimetic properties.
Tang AH, Franklin SR.
The acquisition of shock avoidance behavior by rats was studied in an automated Y-maze which incorporates a simultaneous brightness discrimination paradigm. When administered prior to each of 5 consecutive daily sessions, two opiate derivatives with psychotomimetic properties, cyclazocine and N-allylnormetazocine, impaired the acquisition of brightness discrimination at doses which also increased movements between trials. These effects were similar to those produced by phencyclidine, ketamine, and a high dose of d-amphetamine. Pretreatment with morphine, pentazocine and scopolamine at motor stimulant doses before each training session did not affect acquisition of brightness discrimination. Nalorphine, naltrexone, and chlorpromazine also had no effect on brightness discrimination, even at motor depressant doses. Whereas the motor stimulation produced by morphine or pentazocine was blocked by naltrexone, the motor stimulation and discrimination disruption produced by cyclazocine or N-allylnormetazocine were only incompletely antagonized by naltrexone. The results demonstrate similarities between psychotomimetic opiates and phencyclidine-like compounds and may reflect the sensory or cognitive disturbance produced by these drugs in man.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6889416&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Pharmacol. 1975 Feb;30(2):309-14.
Haloperidol-induced disruption of conditioned avoidance responding: attenuation by prior training or by anticholinergic drugs.
Fibiger HC, Zis AP, Phillips AG.
Rats injected daily with haloperidol (0.15 mg/kg) failed to acquire a one-way avoidance response over a 9 day period (10 trails/day). When these animals were subsequently tested without haloperidol, on the first drug-free day they preformed as well as animals given saline throughout the training period and significantly better than naive saline-treated animals on the first day of training. The performance of rats which were trained for two days before receiving haloperidol was only partly blocked by the drug, while animals trained for 9 days before drug administration were immune to the disruptive effects. Three anticholinergic (muscarinic) drugs, atropine (10 mg/kg), scopolamine (1 mg/kg) and benztropine (2 mg/kg) significantly reversed the effect of haloperidol on the acquisition of the nigroneostriatal projection and support the view that this system is critically involved in the acquistion of learned instrumental responses. The nature of the avoidance deficit produced by these treatments is discussed with reference to the possibility that they selectively block the initiation of boluntary motor responses. According to this hypothesis, the failure of these teratments to disrupt escape responding may be due to the fact that the unconditioned stimulus generates reflexive motor responses (flinch, jump, etc.) which are sufficient to begin the motoric sequences that cannot be initiated voluntarily in response to the conditioned stimulus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1126366&dopt=Abstract
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Wellstreet online pharmacy for click-order prescription medications ||
Altace Online Pharmacy ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Insurance plans and information ||
Insurance policies for all purposes ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||