Drugs online research references
Brain Res Bull. 1994;34(6):555-62.
Transcallosal evoked potentials: behavior-dependent modulation by muscarinic and serotonergic receptors.
Dringenberg HC, Vanderwolf CH.
Neuroscience Program, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
In chronically prepared rats, unilateral single pulse stimulation (35-80 microA) of the deep neocortex produced an evoked potential in the contralateral hemisphere. The evoked potential consisted of an initial negative component associated with multiunit discharge, and a subsequent positive component associated with multiunit suppression. Duration and amplitude of both evoked potential components were suppressed during movement relative to immobility. Scopolamine enhanced both evoked potential components, but the effect on the late component was apparent only during movement and not immobility. Ketanserin prolonged the duration of the late potential component during immobility but not movement. Methiothepin enhanced the duration and amplitude of both components, but these effects were largely dependent on the concurrent background neocortical slow wave activity. Urethane anesthesia enhanced the early and abolished the late potential components. Tail pinching reversed this effect of urethane. Muscarinic and serotonergic receptors may modulate both the excitatory and inhibitory responses of neocortical neurons to inputs from the contralateral neocortex.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7922598&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Mar 13;178(1):59-69.
Carbachol-induced potentiation and inhibition of acid secretion by guinea pig gastric gland.
Kajimura M, Haga T, Ichiyama A, Kaneko E, Honda N.
Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
The effects of muscarinic ligands on acid secretion were examined by estimating the accumulation of [14C]aminopyrine in gastric glands isolated from guinea pigs. The accumulation of [14C]aminopyrine in the presence of 0.1 mM histamine was potentiated by 1 microM carbachol but suppressed by 1 mM. These two effects of carbachol were abolished by atropine, pirenzepine and AF-DX 116. Assuming that the binding of carbachol to one site (Site 1) increases [14C]aminopyrine accumulation but its binding to the other site (Site 2) reduces [14C]aminopyrine accumulation, we analysed the dose-response curves for the carbachol effects in the absence and presence of different concentrations of atropine, pirenzepine and AF-DX 116. The dissociation constants determined for these ligands at Sites 1 and 2 were as follows: carbachol, 0.28 and 7.1 microM; atropine, 0.28 and 0.54 nM; pirenzepine, 45 and 560 nM; and AF-DX 116, 380 and 4400 nM, respectively. The binding of [3H]N-methylscopolamine to the gastric glands indicated the presence of two populations of binding sites with different affinities for the above ligands, other than atropine. The apparent dissociation constants, which were estimated by analysing the displacement curves for [3H]N-methylscopolamine binding, were as follows: carbachol, 0.18 microM (10%) and 31 microM (90%); atropine, 1.24 nM; pirenzepine, 15 nM (16%) and 220 nM (84%); and AF-DX 116, 370 nM (10%) and 2970 nM (90%). These results suggest that there are two kinds of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the guinea pig gastric gland, one potentiating and the other inhibiting the acid secretion induced by histamine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2332028&dopt=Abstract
J Neurosci. 1993 Dec;13(12):5119-25.
Intraseptal galanin potentiates scopolamine impairment of delayed nonmatching to sample.
Robinson JK, Crawley JN.
Section on Behavioral Neuropharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Galanin coexists with ACh in the basal forebrain and medial septal region. The present study investigated the interactions of the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine and the neuropeptide galanin on an operant spatial delayed non-matching to sample task (DNMTS) in rats. Scopolamine administered both intraperitoneally and microinjected into the medial septum impaired performance on DNMTS. Galanin administered alone into the medial septum did not disrupt DNMTS, but potentiated the disruptive effects of intraperitoneal administered scopolamine. These findings raise the possibility that endogenous galanin may exacerbate cognitive impairments associated with forebrain cholinergic deficits.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7504722&dopt=Abstract
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