Drugs online research references
J Travel Med. 1994 Dec 1;1(4):203-206.
Comparison of Seven Commonly Used Agents for Prophylaxis of Seasickness.
Schmid R, Schick T, Steffen R, Tschopp A, Wilk T.
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine of the University of Zurich, Switzerland.
The objective of the study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of seven drugs frequently used for the prevention of seasickness: the drugs were namely cinnarizine, cinnarizine with domperidone, cyclizine, dimenhydrinate with caffeine, ginger root, meclozine with caffeine, and scopolamine. The design was a randomized, double-blind study with two arms. On ethical grounds, a placebo group was not included as in a previous study, in the same setting, 80% of the passengers not receiving prophylactic drugs were seasick. The setting was in Andenes (Norway) during a time period from July to September 1992. Subjects were 1741 tourist volunteers who were joining a whale safari. The main outcome measures were vomiting, malaise (modified Graybiel criteria), and subjective reports of adverse events. Follow up was possible in 1489 volunteers (85.5%). In each active treatment group, 4.1-10.2% experienced vomiting and 16.4-23.5% experienced malaise (not significant). Equally, there was no significant difference in the incidence and characteristics of adverse events reported in the various medication groups. Scopolamine Transdermal Therapeutic System (TTS) users exhibited slightly more visual problems and the agent tended to be less effective. Six of the seven medications may be recommended for prevention of seasickness; scopolamine TTS seems the least attractive.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9815340&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1998 Sep;20(7):555-60.
Ameliorative effects of tachykinins on scopolamine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation performance in mice.
Kameyama T, Ukai M, Shinkai N.
Department of Chemical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan.
The present study was designed to clarify whether opioid neuronal systems are involved in the beneficial effects of tachykinins such as the neurokinin NK1 receptor agonist, substance P (SP), the neurokinin NK2 receptor agonist, neurokinin A (NKA), and the neurokinin NK3 receptor agonist, senktide, on the scopolamine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation performance in mice. Intracerebroventricular injections of SP (0.1 microgram), NKA (0.3 microgram) and senktide (3 ng) inhibited the scopolamine (1 mg/kg)-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation performance without influencing total arm entries, indicating the antiamnesic effects of tachykinins. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of SP, but not those of NKA or senktide, were almost completely reversed by pretreatment with naloxone (1 mg/kg). However, the effects of SP on the scopolamine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation performance were not influenced by pretreatment with the mu-opioid receptor antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine (5 micrograms), the delta-opioid receptor antagonist, naltrindole (4 ng), and the kappa-opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (4 micrograms). These findings suggest that the effects of SP, unlike those of NKA or senktide, on the scopolamine-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation performance associated with spatial working memory are not mediated simply via a single type of opioid receptors, such as mu, delta or kappa.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9819798&dopt=Abstract
uottawa.ca
In this series of experiments, we examined the ability of post-training glucose injections to improve memory of the Balb/cAnNCrlBR strain of mice for a bar-pressing task. We could not replicate this effect which has been demonstrated in many other strains of mice including Balb/cbyJ, a related strain. We found that the Balb/cAnNCrlBR strain of mice is also much less sensitive to the disrupting effects produced by pre- or post-training injections of the competitive cholinergic antagonist scopolamine. This strain also shows altered glucoregulation compared to the Balb/cbyJ strain. The absence of glucose effects on memory in Balb/cAnNCrlBR mice appears to be associated with decreased sensitivity to cholinergic antagonists. These results can be contrasted with previous ones obtained in a related strain, the Balb/cbyJ, in which glucose was shown to improve memory while scopolamine could easily disrupt memory processes. Taken together, these data provide additional indirect support for the hypothesis that glucose improvement of memory is closely linked to a functional interaction with central cholinergic systems. The comparison of these two strains could be the basis for a useful animal model to investigate the relationship between age-related changes in memory and central cholinergic function.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9821542&dopt=Abstract
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Wellstreet online pharmacy for click-order prescription medications ||
Altace Online Pharmacy ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Insurance plans and information ||
Insurance policies for all purposes ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||