Drugs online research references
J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998 Aug;13(8):816-20.
Assessment of autonomic nervous activity during gastrointestinal endoscopy: analysis of blood pressure variability by tonometry.
Saijyo T, Nomura M, Nakaya Y, Saito K, Kondo Y, Yukinaka M, Shimizu I, Ito S.
Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
We continuously measured blood pressure by tonometry in 30 patients during endoscopy to determine the influence of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on cardiac events. Patients were divided into two groups: one group treated with scopolamine butylbromide as premedication (SB group) and another group without premedication (C group). Time- and frequency domain analyses of beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure variability were performed for 128 consecutive beats. For time-domain analysis, we calculated the coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure (CV(BP)). For the frequency domain analysis, we determined the low-frequency (LF(BP); 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF(BP); 0.15-0.40 Hz) powers of the variation in systolic blood pressure and the ratio of LF(BP) to HF(BP) (LF(BP)/HF(BP)) during endoscopy. The CV(BP) and HF(BP), indicators of parasympathetic tone, increased in the early phase of endoscopy but decreased significantly in the middle and late phases compared with the pre-endoscopy value. The ratio of LF(BP)/HF(BP), an indicator of indirect sympathetic tone, increased throughout the endoscopic procedure. Moreover, premedication with scopolamine butylbromide prevents the excessive parasympathetic nervous reflex when an endoscope passes through the upper digestive tract and also brings both decreased parasympathetic tone and increased sympathetic tone at the late phase of endoscopic procedure. Our results indicate that gastrointestinal endoscopy induced an autonomic nervous abnormality, which may contribute to the occurrence of cardiac events during endoscopic procedures.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9736175&dopt=Abstract
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Oct;61(2):193-9.
Adrenergic and cholinergic inputs in preoptic area of rats interact for sleep-wake thermoregulation.
Mallick BN, Joseph MM.
School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Isolated studies have shown that both norepinephrine and acetylcholine into the medial preoptico-anterior hypothalamic area tonically regulate sleep-wake and body temperature. A possible interaction between these neurotransmitters for the regulation of such functions has been investigated in this study. To study this interaction a combination of either prazosin and carbachol or, scopolamine and methoxamine was injected into the medial preoptico-anterior hypothalamic area and the effect on sleep, wake, and rectal temperature recorded simultaneously. The combination of chemicals were selected based on our previous studies where it was observed that each of the chemicals in a combination had opposite effects. It was observed that injection of the combination expressed a resultant summated effects of individual component chemicals when injected in isolation (observed in previous studies). Because effect of neither of the chemicals in the combination was dominant, the results suggest an interaction and integration of the adrenergic and cholinergic inputs in the medial preoptico-anterior hypothalamic area for the regulation of sleep-wakefulness and body temperature.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9738535&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Neurosci. 1998 Jan;10(1):221-30.
Stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe reverses the impairment of spatial learning caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine in rats.
Carli M, Bonalumi P, Samanin R.
Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy.
This study investigated the effect of stimulating 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe on the impairment of learning caused by 4 microg/microL scopolamine injected in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus in rats performing a two-platform spatial discrimination task. At 1 (but not 0.2) microg/0.5 microL administered in the dorsal raphe on each acquisition training day 5 min before bilateral intrahippocampal injection of 4 microg/microL scopolamine, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, had no effect on choice accuracy and latency or errors of omission but completely antagonized the impairment of choice accuracy by intrahippocampal scopolamine. Administered into the dorsal raphe at 0.2 and 1 microg/0.5 microL, WAY 100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, had no effect on rats' performance or on the impairment caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine but dose-dependently antagonized the effect of 1 microg/0.5 microL 8-OH-DPAT on the scopolamine-induced deficit. The results show that stimulation of presynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in the dorsal raphe reverses the deficit caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine, probably by facilitating the transfer of facilitatory information from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus. Together with a previous study showing that blockade of postsynaptic hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors antagonized the effect of intrahippocampal scopolamine in the two-platform spatial discrimination task (Carli et al., 1995b), the results suggest that drugs with presynaptic stimulatory and postsynaptic blocking actions on 5-HT1A receptors, such as partial agonists at these receptors, may be useful in the symptomatic treatment of human memory disturbances associated with loss of cholinergic innervation to the hippocampus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9753130&dopt=Abstract
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