Drugs online research references
rl.telia.no
Long-term treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduces post-infarction morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction or symptomatic heart failure. Until recently, the effect of such treatment in patients with preserved LV function has not been known. The results from the Heart Outcome Prevention Evaluation trial have indicated that long-term treatment with ramipril leads to a significant reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with atherosclerotic disease, including those with prior myocardial infarction and preserved LV function. These results suggest that long-term angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition should also be considered in post-infarction patients with normal cardiac function.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11806788&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
chemie.uni-regensburg.de
We investigated a possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the parallel increase of renin, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene expression in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of rat kidneys induced by salt deficiency. Therefore, we determined the effects of renal denervation and the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist metoprolol (50 mg/kg body wt po, twice a day) on renocortical expression of renin, COX-2, and nNOS in rats fed a low-salt (0.02% wt/wt) diet or treated for 1 wk with ramipril (10 mg/kg body wt) in combination with a low-salt diet. We found that a low-salt diet in combination with ramipril strongly increased renocortical mRNA levels of renin, COX-2, and nNOS 9-, 7-, and 2.5-fold, respectively. Treatment with metoprolol did not change basal expression of the three genes or induction of renin and COX-2 gene expression, while induction of nNOS expression was clearly attenuated. Similarly, unilateral renal denervation attenuated induction of nNOS expression but had no effect on all other parameters. These findings suggest that beta-adrenergic stimulation is not required for stimulation of renin and COX-2 gene expression in the juxtaglomerular apparatus during salt deficiency. However, beta-adrenoreceptor activity or renal nerve activity appears to be required for the full stimulation of nNOS expression by low salt intake or combined with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11832429&dopt=Abstract
Am J Ther. 1994 Oct;1(3):191-197.
Ramipril Enhances Autonomic Control in Essential Hypertension: A Study Employing Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variation.
Salo TM, Metsala TH, Kantola IM, Jalonen JO, Voipio-Pulkki LM, Valimaki IA, Viikari JS.
Cardiorespiratory Research Unit, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
We estimated the effect of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on the sympathetic and parasympathetic input to the sinoatrial node of hypertensive patients using spectral and time domain analysis of heart rate variation (HRV). The heart rate of patients with essential hypertension was recorded during spontaneous breathing at rest and during controlled deep breathing. The periodic HRV was quantified at low-frequency (0.025--0.075 Hz), mid-frequency (0.075--0.125 Hz) and high-frequency (0.15--0.40 Hz) bands. Ramipril changed the balance of autonomic nervous system assessed by spectra: the parasympathetic tone increased (p < 0.05) and the sympathetic tone decreased (p < 0.01). There was an inverse correlation between the decrease in diastolic blood pressure and increase in the mid-frequency HRV, which is connoted with resetting of the baroreceptor reflex by ramipril. Thus, ramipril treatment was associated with improved autonomic control of the circulatory system.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11835086&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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